A case-control study of tobacco smoking and tuberculosis in India

Prasad, Rajendra; Suryakant,; Garg, Rajeev; Singhal, Sameer; Dawar, Ramesh; Agarwal, Gaurav

doi:10.4103/1817-1737.56007

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Smoking prevalence among TB subjects was found to be between 33.3% and 62.5% in various studies[6789] and this study also showed 52.5% smokers and 47.5% nonsmokers among total diagnosed TB subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative study of clinico-bacterio-radiological profile and treatment outcome of smokers and nonsmokers suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2016

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Introduction:Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death and disease worldwide. Tobacco smoking has been linked as a risk factor for TB. This study was aimed to affirm the strength of association between smoking and pulmonary TB.Materials and Methods:Pulmonary TB patients aged between 18 and 65 years were enrolled and followed-up until treatment completion. Two consecutive sputum smears were examined from each patient for the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl–Neelsen technique. Radiological severity of disease was assessed using guidelines of National TB Association of USA. Sputum smears for AFB were graded for positivity as per WHO Revised National TB Control Programme criteria. Response was determined in terms of sputum conversion at the end of intensive phase and final treatment outcomes.Results:Sputum smear grading of 3+ increased from 12.5% to 68.18% and 66.66% as smoking index increased from <100 to 100–299 and >300 (P < 0.05). In nonsmokers, 79.2% patients had minimal disease while only 4.2% had advanced disease as compared to smokers where 52.4% had moderate disease, 26.2% advanced disease, and 21.4% minimal disease (P < 0.01). Smokers had significantly lower treatment success rate (69%) as against nonsmokers and former smokers (93.8% and 90.9%, respectively, P = 0.001) owing to a higher default rate among smokers (28.5%) than nonsmokers (6.3%) and former smokers (9.1%).Conclusion:Smokers during initial presentation, as well as at end of the treatment demonstrate more radiological findings, cavitary disease, and worse sputum AFB smear grading. Smokers also have a poorer treatment success rate largely due to high percentage of default rate thus suggesting noncompliance as a main confounder to treatment success. Focus needs to be made to reduce defaulters which are more common among smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative study of clinico-bacterio-radiological profile and treatment outcome of smokers and nonsmokers suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2016

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“…24 A similar study conducted by Suryakant et al, found that smoking was significantly related to TB germ conversion time elongation in patients who were on anti-TB drug therapy. 25 Smoking is closely associated with drinking, and is strongly inversely associated with educational status. Furthermore, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption were found to be negative predictors of successful treatment outcome which may be due to suppression of immunity by nicotine and altered drug metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short-course and factors affecting the outcome in tertiary care hospital

Trivedi

Khakhkhar

2019

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) based on Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy has been made available in entire country by March 2006. Given high rate of unfavourable treatment outcomes reported in some provinces, there is a need to analyse outcomes and identify possible trends and associated risk factors that can help for improvement in RNTCP.Methods: After getting Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, total of 76 cases diagnosed and treated for Tuberculosis (TB) under Category I of RNTCP were recruited from January to March 2017. All patients were followed up for six months from date of initiating the treatment. The data was obtained from TB treatment register, by patient visit and regular follow-up. The information collected include age and gender of patient, category of treatment, date of treatment initiation, initial sputum conversion, outcome of treatment and date of outcome.Results: Out of total 76 patients, 64 (84.21%) were cured, 5 (6.57%) were lost to follow-up, 4 (5.26%) were failed to treat, 1 (1.32%) patient was died, 1 (1.32%) patient had completed treatment but status was unknown and 1 (1.32%) patient was not evaluated because of transfer. Overall treatment outcome of TB patients under DOTS was matching goal of RNTCP with cure rate of 84.21%.Conclusions: Efforts by DOT providers, adequate patient education, motivating ones in need can bring positive outcomes. In this region, DOTS center is at good working condition in terms of functionality as well as ethically. Gender, age group, residence and initial culture colony did not significantly affect treatment outcome.

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“…1,3–7 Exposure to secondary smoke and/ or biomass cooking fuels (indoor air pollution [IAP]) is more controversial, with less evidence. 3,6,8–10 Malnutrition, in particular vitamin D deficiency, has also been associated with increased risk. 11–19 …”

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confidence: 99%

Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India

Jubulis

Kinikar

Ithape³

et al. 2014

int j tuberc lung dis

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SUMMARY SETTING India accounts for the largest burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, with 26% of the world’s cases. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between novel modifiable risk factors and TB in Indian children. DESIGN Cases were children aged ≤5 years with confirmed/probable TB based on World Health Organization definitions (definition 1). Controls were healthy children aged ≤5 years. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of being a TB case given exposure, including indoor air pollution (IAP; exposure to tobacco smoke and/or biomass fuels) and vitamin D deficiency. Cases were re-analyzed according to a new consensus research definition of pediatric TB (definition 2). RESULTS Sixty cases and 118 controls were enrolled. Both groups had high levels of vitamin D deficiency (55% vs. 50%, P = 0.53). In multivariable analysis, TB was associated with household TB exposure (aOR 25.41, 95%CI 7.03–91.81), household food insecurity (aOR 11.55, 95%CI 3.33–40.15) and IAP exposure (aOR 2.67, 95%CI 1.02–6.97), but not vitamin D deficiency (aOR 1.00, 95%CI 0.38–2.66). Use of definition 2 reduced the number of cases to 25. In multivariate analysis, TB exposure, household food insecurity and IAP remained associated with TB. CONCLUSIONS Household TB exposure, exposure to IAP and household food insecurity were independently associated with pediatric TB.

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A case-control study of tobacco smoking and tuberculosis in India

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative study of clinico-bacterio-radiological profile and treatment outcome of smokers and nonsmokers suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis

Comparative study of clinico-bacterio-radiological profile and treatment outcome of smokers and nonsmokers suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis

Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short-course and factors affecting the outcome in tertiary care hospital

Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India

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