A Case-Control Study on the Environmental Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in Tianjin, China

Wang, Wenzhi; Fang, Xiaoli; Cheng, Xue-ming; Jiang, Daihua; Lin, Zhen-jian

doi:10.1159/000110319

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…and printing plants, observed no association with PD for any variable [146]. Another study found an excess risk following exposure to chemical substances, such as methanol, toluene, cyanide, mercury or petroleum products (OR 5.87, 95% CI 1.48-27.23) [145].…”

Section: Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another case-control study found no association between residential exposure to paint plants and PD (OR 3.0, 95% CI 0.20-45.7) [146]. The only published prospective study reported no association between organic solvents and PD [330].…”

Section: Organic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Of studies that examined exposure to heavy metals overall, only one reported an increased risk (OR11.84, 95% CI 1.08-130.37) [358], whereas the others found no association [293,313,381]. Another study found no association for residential proximity to steel plants [146].…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One relatively large (342 cases) German study observed risk estimates below unity for beer and spirits, but not for wine [458]. A Chinese study reported lower PD risk associated with regular liquor drinking (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.65) [146]. In a small co-twin controlled study of 31 monozygotic twin pairs, the unaffected twin drank more alcohol than the affected twin, corresponding to a RR of 0.5 [426].…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two reported statistically imprecise ORs at 10.9 (95% CI 1.8-67.5) [355] and 8.7 (95% CI 1.5-52.0) [312]. Of the remaining 25 studies that examined well water in relation to PD, three reported a decreased risk [131,141,146], whereas the others found no association [136, 143-145, 154, 289, 292, 293, 300, 302, 307, 310, 311, 314, 315, 321, 325, 350, 351, 356-358].…”

Section: Farming Rural Living Well Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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Section: Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Organic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Farming Rural Living Well Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

et al. 1999

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Controversy persists about the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pesticides, herbicides, well-water consumption, head injury, and a family history of PD have been reported as risk factors for PD. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate the impact of environmental factors on PD risk (2) estimate the chronology, frequency, and duration of those exposures associated with PD; and (3) investigate the effects of family history on PD risk. One-hundred and forty PD cases were recruited from Boston University Medical Center. The control group was composed of 147 friends and in-laws of PD patients. Environmental, medical, and family history data were obtained by structured interview from each participant for events recalled prior to PD onset for cases, or corresponding censoring age for controls (mean age = 56 years of age for each group). A traditional stratified analysis, adjusting for birth cohort and sex, was employed. Four factors were associated with increased risk for PD: (1) head injury (OR=6.23, confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-15.07); (2) family history of PD (OR=6.08, CI: 2.35-15. 58); (3) family history of tremor (OR=3.97, CI: 1.17-13.50); and (4) history of depression (OR=3.01, CI: 1.32-6.88). A mean latency of 36. 5 (SE=2.81) years passed between the age of first reported head injury and PD onset. A mean latency of 22 (SE=2.66) years passed between the onset of the first reported symptoms of depression and onset of PD. Years of education, smoking, and well-water intake were inversely associated with PD risk. PD was not associated with exposure to pesticides or herbicides. These findings support the role of both environmental and genetic factors in the etiology in PD. The results are consistent with a multifactorial model. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:742-749, 1999.

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Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease

et al. 1999

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We studied the environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Finland, particularly those related to rural environment, in a prevalence material in 1992. The population numbered 196,864 people, including urban and rural areas. In this community‐based study, we used a case‐control method with personal investigation of the case subjects (n = 123) and matched control subjects (n = 246). Analyses were carried out by conditional logistic regression model. Case subjects had far fewer domestic animals at home during their lifetime, including cows, sheep, pigs, and chickens. The difference was even more obvious in those under the age of 20 years, including also cats and horses, but diminished after 20 years. The number of different animal species was smaller with case subjects as was the duration of animal contacts. Case subjects found their work physically heavier and exercised more. The mean age at onset in ever‐smoking men was significantly higher than in never‐smoking men. No special reason for non‐smoking increased, and a physical reason decreased the risk of PD. Area of birth or living, farming and other occupations, types of drinking water, pesticide and herbicide use, head injuries, use of alcohol, education, and carbon monoxide poisonings were similar among case subjects and control subjects. In conclusion, domestic animals, or something that is connected with the animals, may have a protecting effect against PD. Alternatively, the observed negative associations of domestic animals at home and subsequent PD may only be a marker of other environmental conditions or lifestyles.

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A Case-Control Study on the Environmental Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in Tianjin, China

Cited by 65 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: A New England‐based case control study

Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease

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