A case control study to assess effectiveness of measles containing vaccines in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children

Gujar, Nilesh Maruti; Tambe, Muralidhar; Parande, Malangori A.; Salunke, Nandkumar M.; Jagdale, Ganesh; Anderson, Sarah G.; Dharmadhikari, Abhijeet; Lakhkar, Anand; Kulkarni, Prasad S.

doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1930471

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This may have impacted the antibody titres, potentially resulting in a false lack of association. In terms of disease severity, the current study is consistent with a previous study by Gujar et al, which reported fewer symptomatic cases in the MR-vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group [ 16 ]. However, the current study may have been limited by the recruitment of mostly asymptomatic and mild cases, and further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Serological Response to COVID-19 and Its Association With Measles-Rubella (MR)-Containing Vaccines

Shrivastava¹,

Narang²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background and objectives: Epidemiological studies suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a less severe disease course and a more favorable prognosis among children. Childhood vaccines and heterologous immunity have been suggested as reasons for this. Additionally, the structural similarity between the measles, rubella, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus particles may affect immune responses. The objective of this study was to compare COVID-19 antibody titers and disease severity between measles-rubella (MR) vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate and compare the antibody response in recipients of a single dose and two doses of the MR vaccine. Methods: The study was prospective and comparative and included 90 COVID-19-positive children aged nine months to 12 years. The study was registered under the clinical trials registry of India (CTRI/2021/01/030363). COVID-19 antibody titers were measured at two weeks, six weeks, and 12 weeks, along with the assessment of MR antibody titers. COVID-19 antibody titers and disease severity were compared between MR-vaccinated and MR-unvaccinated children. The comparison of COVID-19 antibody titers between recipients of a single dose and two doses of MR vaccine was also conducted. Results: The results showed significantly higher median COVID-19 antibody titers at all time points during follow-up in the MR-vaccinated group (P<0.05). However, the two groups had no significant difference in the disease severity. Moreover, there was no difference in the antibody titers of MR one dose and two dose recipients. Conclusion: Exposure to even a single dose of MR-containing vaccine enhances the antibody response against COVID-19. However, randomized trials are necessary to further explore this subject.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Serological Response to COVID-19 and Its Association With Measles-Rubella (MR)-Containing Vaccines

Shrivastava¹,

Narang²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…76 A case-control study in children also showed that children vaccinated with a measles-containing vaccine had lower infection rates with SARS-CoV-2 and, if infected, had milder symptoms. 77 Another study found that the outcome of COVID-19 inversely correlated with levels of rubella-specific antibodies 70 and another with levels of mumps-specific antibodies. 78 An interim analysis of an ongoing randomized control trial (RCT) of MMR to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity in health care workers reported that MMR reduces the risk of symptomatic infection.…”

Section: Mechanisms Which Are More Likely To Contribute To the Age-re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does the Severity of COVID-19 Differ With Age?

Zimmermann

Curtis

2021

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Although there are many hypotheses for the age-related difference in the severity of COVID-19, differences in innate, adaptive and heterologous immunity, together with differences in endothelial and clotting function, are the most likely mechanisms underlying the marked age gradient. Children have a faster and stronger innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, especially in the nasal mucosa, which rapidly controls the virus. In contrast, adults can have an overactive, dysregulated and less effective innate response that leads to uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cytokine production and tissue injury. More recent exposure to other viruses and routine vaccines in children might be associated with protective cross-reactive antibodies and T cells against SARS-CoV-2. There is less evidence to support other mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the age-related difference in outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including pre-existing immunity from exposure to common circulating coronaviruses, differences in the distribution and expression of the entry receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and difference in viral load.

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“…5 In December 2019 the community was excited about the occurrence of the COVID-19 disease. 6 World The Health Organization declared COVID-19 on March 12, 2020 as a pandemic. 7 And on March 2, 2020, the first 2 cases of COVID-19 infection were found which were reported by President Joko Widodo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence (Non-Covid-19): A Case Study in the Work Area of the Sukorejo Primary Healthcare Center, Pacitan Regency

Nurtanti

Azam

2022

Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region

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Introduction: Acute Upper respiratory tract infection was the highest case among the other diseases in Sukorejo Primary Healthcare Center, Pacitan Regency. Health protocol policies have an impact on healthy living behavior, which can prevent COVID-19 and acute upper respiratory infection (non-COVID-19). Rumors in the community stated that all acute upper respiratory infections had been tested for COVID-19, and were declared positive for COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with acute upper respiratory tract infections (non-COVID-19).Methods: This study was conducted in an analytic observational method with a case-control study design. There were 61 subjects in the case and 61 subjects aged 26-65 years in the control groups. Sampling was done by simple random sampling for the case and purposive sampling for the control group. Data were analyzed by chi-square tests and logistic regression models.Results: Based on bivariate analysis, the inappropriate use of masks, smoking, inappropriate hand washing habits, high density on room occupancy, and inappropriate house ventilation area were the risk factors of acute upper respiratory tract infections (non-COVID-19). After controlling for the other variables, smoking habits (OR=2.723; 95%Cl=1.216-6.098; p=0.015), inappropriate house ventilation area (OR=2.569; 95%Cl=1.149-5.743; p=0.022), high density in room occupancy density (OR=2.425; 95%Cl=1.087-5.410; p =0.031) and the inappropriate use of masks (OR=2.320; 95%Cl=1.021-5.173; p=0.045) were the risk factors of acute upper respiratory tract infection (non-COVID-19) incidence.Conclusion: The risk factors of acute upper respiratory tract infection (non-COVID-19) incidence were smoking habits, inappropriate house ventilation, high density in room occupancy and the inappropriate use of masks

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A case control study to assess effectiveness of measles containing vaccines in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Serological Response to COVID-19 and Its Association With Measles-Rubella (MR)-Containing Vaccines

Serological Response to COVID-19 and Its Association With Measles-Rubella (MR)-Containing Vaccines

Why Does the Severity of COVID-19 Differ With Age?

Risk Factors of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence (Non-Covid-19): A Case Study in the Work Area of the Sukorejo Primary Healthcare Center, Pacitan Regency

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