A case of an intramural, cavitated feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia of the cranial abdomen in a domestic longhair cat

Abstract

Case summary A 5-year-old neutered male domestic longhair cat was presented for the investigation of a cranial abdominal mass following a 1-month history of inappetence and lethargy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large cavitated mass confluent with the mesenteric aspect of the descending duodenum. At surgery, the mass was found to involve the pylorus, proximal duodenum and pancreas, and was non-resectable. Histopathological examination of surgical biopsies revealed a non-neoplastic process involving eosinophils and fibroplasia. Relevance and novel information This case report describes an uncommon feline gastrointestinal pathology with an unusual appearance that may provide an additional differential diagnosis other than neoplasia or abdominal abscess when confronted with a cavitated abdominal mass in cats.

Intrathoracic eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia with intralesional bacteria in a cat

“…In addition, a combination of culture, special stains (eg, Gram) and FISH examination is not always performed, and bacterial involvement therefore cannot always be fully ruled out. 2,4,5,7,8,10,11 As illustrated in this case and others, failure to identify infectious agents on standard histopathology does not rule out their presence, and additional testing such as bacterial and fungal cultures, Gram stain or FISH may be required. 1 In the case presented here, samples for culture were unfortunately not obtained as the initial main suspicion was neoplasia rather than infection.…”

“…Cases presenting with locally aggressive unresectable masses have a poor reported outcome. 1,6,11 More recent publications suggest a more prolonged survival (>1 year). This is likely because of an earlier diagnosis as a result of increased awareness, as well as improved understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition resulting in more appropriate management.…”

“…Feline eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FESF) is an emerging clinical entity, 1 with 53 cases reported since its first official characterisation in 2009. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Most cases manifest as masses confined to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), with possible mesenteric lymph node involvement. 2,3,5 Rarely, the liver, pancreas and sternal or mediastinal lymph nodes are concurrently affected.…”

“… 2 , 3 , 5 Rarely, the liver, pancreas and sternal or mediastinal lymph nodes are concurrently affected. 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 11 Key histopathological features include trabeculae of dense collagen separated by large fibroblasts, as well as marked eosinophilic inflammation. 2 The pathogenesis is unknown, but antigenic stimulation triggering abnormal inflammation in genetically predisposed cats is suspected.…”

Feline Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Sclerosing Fibroplasia—Extracellular Matrix Proteins and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression

“…Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) has been described as part of the inflammatory diseases with an eosinophilic component described in the domestic cat, which include indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, eosinophilic granuloma, and hypereosinophilic syndrome [1][2][3][4]. The etiopathogenesis of FGESF is not completely understood, partly because the majority of publications deal with single isolated cases [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”