A case of canine renal lymphoma of granular lymphocytes with severe polycythemia

Abstract

Background Renal lymphoma in dogs is rare and has a poor prognosis. Granular lymphocyte morphology is rarely reported in canine renal lymphoma. Mild to moderate polycythemia is reported in a number of canine renal lymphoma cases. Case presentation A 10-year-old Labrador retriever presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital after a 1-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, and pollakiuria and a 2-week history of abdominal distention, lethargy, and increased respiratory effort. Abdominal ultrasound showed a wedge-shaped to rounded, heterogeneously hypoechoic mass lesion in the left kidney. Cytologic analysis of a percutaneous aspirate of the mass was consistent with lymphoma of granular lymphocytes. Severe polycythemia (hematocrit 0.871) was noted on a complete blood cell count. Clonality analysis identified a clonally rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) gene and immunohistochemical staining was CD3+, CD79a- and CD11d+, supporting cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of renal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma with severe polycythemia in a dog. Severe polycythemia and renal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma are both rare in dogs; this report adds to the body of knowledge on these conditions.

Large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in 65 dogs (2005–2023)

“…Similar to previous case reports or series, this study confirms the prognosis for canine LGLL is poor with a median OST of 28 days for dogs treated with MTDC. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] This is similar to dogs with other aggressive forms of lymphoma such as renal lymphoma, and shorter than those with CNS or alimentary lymphoma. [29][30][31] There were numerical, but not statistically significant, differences in median OST between dogs treated with corticosteroids and chemotherapy, and those that to MTDC and those that didn't, although these may reach significance in a larger cohort.…”

“…35 Most dogs (32.8%) in this study had primary hepatosplenic LGLL, similar to previous literature where 60.9% of reported cases are hepatosplenic in origin. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Similar to humans, hepatosplenic lymphoma in dogs is thought to arise from cytotoxic γδ T-cells within the splenic red pulp, characterised by a CD11d + immunophenotype, although assessment for γδ or CD11d expression was not performed in any of the cases of hepatosplenic LGLL in the present study. 15 Primary gastrointestinal…”

“…This is similar to the previously reported LGLL cases where 34.8% of dogs had PB or BM involvement, although in both our study and previously reported cases not all patients underwent full staging so the true incidence of PB or BM involvement could be higher. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Dogs with PB involvement had shorter PFI and OST on multivariable analysis.…”

“…Lymphocyte size was significantly associated with long-term survival (≥100 days); dogs with large-cell LGLL were less likely to achieve In previous veterinary literature most LGLL cases are CD4-/CD8-, CD11d+ and γδ+ consistent with splenic red pulp origin, with the majority representing hepatosplenic LGLL; however, there is variation in CD4, CD8, CD11d and other marker expression between cases. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Therefore, it is currently unclear whether all LGLL cases originate in the splenic red pulp, and immunophenotype may depend on anatomic form.…”

“…10,11 Canine LGL lymphoma (LGLL) is rarely described; across 13 cited publications, 23 cases of LGLL are reported. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Of these, hepatosplenic origin was most common, affecting 14 dogs, and most likely arising from CD11d + TCRγδ-restricted LGLs of the splenic red pulp. [13][14][15]19 Other primary sites described include peripheral lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, mediastinum, skin, urinary bladder, small intestine, spinal cord, eye, pericardium, kidney, and spleen.…”