A case of double infection with Brugia pahangi Buckley and Edeson 1956, and Dirofilaria immitis Leidy 1856, in a Malaysian clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa

Zahedi, M.; Jeffery, John; Muthuchelian, K.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(86)90154-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Dirofilaria immitis has already been described in several felid species (Zahedi et al 1986, Paul-Murphy et al 1994, Murata et al 2003, Pence et al 2003, Ruiz de Ibanez et al 2006. However, most previous data of heartworm infection in nondomestic felids reported asymptomatic infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…D. immitis has been detected in several species of captive wild felids. These included an African lion (Panthera leo) (Ruiz de Ibanez et al 2006), a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) (Murata et al 2003), a leopard (Panthera pardus), a tiger (Panthera tigris), a flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps), a leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) (Zahedi et al 1986). Among freeranging felids, an ocelot (L. pardalis) from Texas, USA was reported harboring one adult heartworm in absence of detectable disease (Pence et al 2003), and serum antibodies against this nematode have been detected in a North American puma (Puma concolor) (Paul-Murphy et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)

et al. 2009

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RESUMO.-[Doença do Verme do Coração (Dirofilaria immitis) em gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) no Brasil.]A doença do verme do coração é causada pelo nematódeo intravascular Dirofilaria immitis, um patógeno de importância em Saúde Pública geralmente associado a cães e gatos domésticos e, em menor extensão, a outras espécies de mamíferos. O gato-do-matopequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) é uma espécie ameaçada de felídeo neotropical que ocorre naturalmente no Brasil. immitis infection and associated disease in L. tigrinus, also suggesting that the oncilla acted as a definitive host for this parasite. The present findings confirmed D. immitis as a pathogenic agent for this felid species, thus supporting the recommendation for the inclusion of diagnostic testing for this pathogen in routine health screening procedures for captive and free-ranging oncillas in Brazil, especially in those localities where climate conditions support the occurrence of the parasite. Potential reservoirs as oncillas are established beyond the reach of veterinary care, thus representing a continuing risk for domestic animals and humans acquiring heartworm infection. We encourage further serologic and molecular studies aiming to establish D. immitis prevalences in L. tigrinus and other wild carnivores in the region of Ubatuba, as well as ecological and veterinary studies to access the role of this pathogen for the survival of this threatened felid species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)

et al. 2009

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“…Although D. immitis infections have previously been detected in different species of wild or captive felids, e.g. in the wild cat ( Felis bangsi costariensis ) [ 5 ], tiger ( Panthera tigris ) [ 6 , 7 ], Clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ) [ 8 , 9 ], Golden cat ( Felis temminckii ) [ 10 ], bobcat ( Linx rufus ) [ 11 ], Black-footed Cat ( Felis nigripes ) [ 12 ], Snow leopard ( Uncia uncia ) [ 13 ], ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ) [ 14 ], and African lion ( Panthera leo ) [ 15 ], to date the only report of cHW disease in P. pardus concern a single adult female specimen of D. immitis found in the heart of a wild-caught Black Panther in west Malaysia [ 16 ]. This report describes the first diagnosis of mature heartworms ( D. immitis )infection in an exotic felid in Italy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the only previous report of cHW infection in P. pardus [ 16 ] a single adult female of D. immitis were found in the heart, thus no circulating microfilariae were mentioned. As far as we are concerned, circulating D. immitis microfilariae in wild felids were previously detected only in a Clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ) as results of a routine blood examination performed in the Zoo Negara Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [ 9 ]. Concerning histopathological analysis, immuno-mediated glomerulonephritis is usually observed in animals with high microfilarial counts and long infection periods, due to prolonged release of antigenic material into the blood stream, by inducing in situ formation or trapping of preformed complexes [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in a leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) housed in a zoological park in north-eastern Italy

Mazzariol

Cassini

Voltan³

et al. 2010

Parasites Vectors

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Canine heartworm (cHW) disease is now recognised as potential cause of serious disease in cats and other felids, especially in endemic areas. In March 2009, a 23-years-old male African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) housed in a zoological park located in the Province of Padova (Veneto Region), a cHW endemic area of the north-eastern Italy, died and was immediately necropsied. A cloth completely occluding the pyloric lumen was considered the presumptive cause of death. During necropsy, six nematodes (4 males and 2 females) were found within the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery. Diagnosis of HW (Dirofilaria immitis) infection was carried out by morphological features of adult worms and microfilariae, and then confirmed by detection of circulating HW antigens using a commercial SNAP kit (IDEXX Laboratories inc., USA). D. immitis infection was also confirmed by PCR amplification of the 5S ribosomal spacer region, performed on worm fragments and microfilaraemic blood samples obtained from the right ventricle of the heart. A glomerulonephritis of immuno-mediated origin and most likely associated with the HW infection is also reported. HW chemoprophylaxis and annual serological testing on wild felids housed outdoors in endemic cHW disease areas are recommended. This is the first diagnosis of D. immitis infection in an exotic felid in Italy.

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“…There are a lot of viral and non-viral pathogens (Naidenko et al, 2014(Naidenko et al, , 2018aPavlova et al, 2015Pavlova et al, , 2016) that may be dangerous for wild felids. Dirofilaria sp., Cytauxzoon felis and other non-viral pathogens may be dangerous for wild cats in different regions (Zahedi et al, 1986;Ketz-Riley et al, 2003). However, here we chose five widespread non-viral pathogens and the sixth one (Coxiella), which was earlier noted for the domestic cats in the Russian Far East (Pavlova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum prevalence to non-viral pathogens in wild felids of Southern Primorye, Russia

et al. 2019

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Serum prevalence to six different non-viral pathogens was estimated for big Russian cats (Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and the Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)) in Southern Primorye, Russia (n = 26) in 2008-2016. Serum samples from smaller cats (Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and Far Eastern wildcat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)) were also tested for these pathogens (n = 28) during the same period. Felids of Russian Southern Primorye showed serum prevalence to five out of six tested pathogens. Antibodies to Candida sp. and Trichinella sp. were found to be much more widespread in cats (47% and 42%) than antibodies to other tested pathogens (20% and less). Large cats demonstrated a higher serum prevalence to these pathogens than smaller ones. We did not detect animals seropositive to Coxiella burnetii.

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A case of double infection with Brugia pahangi Buckley and Edeson 1956, and Dirofilaria immitis Leidy 1856, in a Malaysian clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)

Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)

Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in a leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) housed in a zoological park in north-eastern Italy

Serum prevalence to non-viral pathogens in wild felids of Southern Primorye, Russia

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