A case of equine cryptorchidism with undetectable serum anti-Müllerian          hormone

Murase, Harutaka; Ochi, Akihiro; Tozaki, Teruaki; Kakoi, Hironaga; Tsogtgerel, Munkhtuul; Kurimoto, Shinjiro; Sato, Fumio; Hada, Tetsuro

doi:10.1292/jvms.18-0057

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is still unclear how cryptorchidism can be prevented [36]. Moreover, recent studies by Murase et al [37] revealed that, sometimes, the diagnosis can be challenging. The authors have uncovered undetectable serum MIS in cryptorchid horse testes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways

Witkowski

Pardyak

Pawlicki

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cryptorchidism in horses is a commonly occurring malformation. The molecular basis of this pathology is not fully known. In addition, the origins of high intratesticular estrogen levels in horses remain obscure. In order to investigate the role of the G-protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) and establish histological and biochemical cryptorchid testis status, healthy and cryptorchid horse testes were subjected to scanning electron microscopy analysis, histochemical staining for total protein (with naphthol blue black; NBB), acid content (with toluidine blue O; TBO), and polysaccharide content (with periodic acid–Schiff; PAS). The expression of GPER was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. GPER-mediated intracellular cAMP and calcium (Ca2+) signaling were measured immunoenzymatically or colorimetrically. Our data revealed changes in the distribution of polysaccharide content but not the protein and acid content in the cryptorchid testis. Polysaccharides seemed to be partially translocated from the interstitial compartment to the seminiferous tubule compartment. Moreover, the markedly decreased expression of GPER and GPER downstream molecules, cAMP and Ca2+, suggests their potential role in testis pathology. Increased estrogen levels in cryptorchid conditions may be linked to disturbed GPER signaling. We postulate that GPER is a prominent key player in testis development and function and may be used as a new biomarker of horse testis in health and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways

Witkowski

Pardyak

Pawlicki

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Determination of the location of the retained testis is important when deciding on the appropriate surgical approach. 8,88,89,103 Ultrasonography is an important aspect of the examination of suspected cryptorchid horses, not only for location of the testis but also to determine the size and if potential pathology is present. 71,85 For a complete examination, the horse should be sedated and placed in stocks.…”

Section: Clinical Evaluation and Location Of The Retained Testiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptorchidism in stallions

Arroyo

Tibary

2023

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Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder of sexual development in the male. The etiopathogenesis of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood and may involve genetic and environmental factors. The condition is obvious in horses with a good history, but diagnosis of cryptorchidism can be challenging in an apparently gelded horse presenting with stallion-like behavior and hemicastrated horses. Determination of the location of the retained testis is important for the selection of the surgical approach for cryptorchidectomy. The objective of this paper is to review current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of cryptorchidism in the equine, and methods for diagnosis including ultrasonographic determination of the location of the retained testis. A discussion of cryptorchidectomy approaches and possible complications is presented.

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“…It is sometimes confused with severe degeneration of a cryptorchid testis caused by ischemic necrosis [41][42][43]. A few cases of monorchidism have been reported in various horse breeds: Thoroughbred, Appaloosa, Arabian, Brazilian horse, and Shetland pony [41,[44][45][46]. These The procedure is relatively safe and rarely causes serious complications in stallions [28].…”

Section: Monorchidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more reliable for detecting the presence of testicular tissue in horses without a scrotal testis (Table 3) [65]. False negatives have been reported and are attributed to insufficient number or degeneration of Sertoli cells [41]. Although the diagnosis of cryptorchidism can be established by endocrine testing, clinical evaluation and the determination of the location of the retained testis are required before surgery [58,66].…”

Section: Cryptorchidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

Waqas,

Arroyo,

Tibary

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Management of breeding stallions is crucial to equine reproduction. The longevity of the breeding career is the ultimate objective, whether the stallion is used for natural cover or for semen collection and artificial insemination. Stud farm veterinarians should be aware of the techniques used to evaluate testicular function and the diagnostic approach to testicular disorders in cases of emergency. This paper presents the clinical methods used to evaluate testicular health, including palpation, ultrasonography, biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. The discussion of testicular disorders is broken down into four categories: congenital disorders (cryptorchidism, monorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia), differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement, differential diagnosis of causes of progressive testicular enlargement, and differential diagnosis of testicular asymmetry or reduction in size with an emphasis on testicular degeneration. The sudden increase in testicular size is often accompanied by severe clinical signs and is a major cause for referral of stallion for surgery. Testicular disorders are illustrated with clinical cases seen by the authors.

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A case of equine cryptorchidism with undetectable serum anti-Müllerian hormone

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways

The G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Estrogen Receptor Is Present in Horse Cryptorchid Testes and Mediates Downstream Pathways

Cryptorchidism in stallions

Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

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