A case of feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat

Küçükbekir, Çağla Nur; Uçmak, Zeynep Günay; Kırşan, İsmail; Tek, Çağatay

doi:10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.691787

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mammary glands were symmetrically hyperplastic with a firm elastic consistency, signs of inflammation, skin ulceration, and no secretion on manual compression of the mammary tissue. Such characteristics were compatible with FMH and have been reported previously [3,12]. Unfortunately, image and laboratory diagnosis failed to find a source of endogenous hormone that could be the etiology of FMH in this case.…”

Section: Casesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…There were no signs of the disease 11 months after surgery DISCUSSION FMH commonly affects young intact female cats in gestational periods, end of the estrous cycle, or, most commonly, receiving hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone [1,9,12]. Although rare in male cats, FMH can occur due to exogen progesterone administration commonly used for the treatment of dermopathies, urinary incontinence, behavioral changes, or mistakenly as a contraceptive [3,5,12]. The most common clinical signs are the acute onset of bilateral symmetric mammary tumors with firm consistency, inflammation, ulcerated areas, and absence of mammary secretion.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of FMH is based on removing the hormonal stimulus by interrupting the progesterone treatment and performing ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) [1,3,8]. As it was a male, there was no possibility of OSH and the absence of exogenous hormone administration made it impossible to interrupt the treatment.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few reports of FMH in male cats, most of them result of exogen progesterone administration [3,12], therefore, gender cannot rule out the differential diagnosis of FMH in cats with mammary gland swelling [10]. This report aims to describe the clinical, histological findings and surgical treatment of a male cat with a FMH unrelated to hormonal treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat

Bonatto

Silva

Favero

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign disease that commonly affects young females, once it is caused by the exaggerated stimulation of endogenous or exogenous progestogen. FMH leads to acute edema and inflammation of the mammary glands and frequently evolve to ulcerations, secondary infections, and systemic clinical signs. Even though it is rare in male cats, progesterone therapy or an unknown endogenous source of hormone can cause the disease. This report aims to describe a case of FMH in a male feline with no history of hormonal treatment and treated with radical surgical resection. Case: A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented due to acute onset of generalized mammary tumors which had progressed for 18 days. Tumors size had 5 cm large in diameter, symmetric, bilateral, and affected all mammary glands. The tissue was firm, hyperemic, and ulcerated. FMH was initially suspected but with a differential diagnosis for mammary adenocarcinoma. Except for pain on tumor palpation, there was no other clinical abnormality. Survey thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound did not find signs of metastasis or hermaphroditism. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy and further cytological examination were inconclusive. Surgical resection through a single-stage bilateral total mastectomy and reconstruction using a left flank fold flap was elected. There were no intraoperative complications and the cat recovered well, with good healing and no clinical signs 21 days after the surgery. Histological examination of the mammary glands confirmed the diagnosis of FMH due to the non-neoplastic characteristics and tissue’s benign biological behavior. Eleven months after diagnosis, the cat was asymptomatic.Discussion: The FMH frequently affects young females and is associated with gestational periods, the end of the estrous cycle, and, most commonly, hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone. Male cats are rarely affected with or without a history of progesterone administration, which is commonly used for treatment of dermatopathies, urinary incontinence, control of behavioral changes, or mistakenly as a contraceptive. Clinical signs are the acute onset of mammary tumors with firm consistency, inflammation, ulcerated areas, absence of mammary secretion, and mobility difficulty due to local swelling. Systemic clinical signs including apathy, anorexia, fever, and dehydration can occur. The main differential diagnosis is mammary neoplasia and diagnosis is suspected by the patient’s history, disease progression, and histological examination. Conservative treatment using a progesterone inhibitor, such as aglepristone, can be performed but usually take a few weeks to promote total remission, may require additional administration, and does not prevent a possible recurrence. Radical mastectomy is an alternative to late-stage disease. It was chosen toperform a single-stage bilateral mastectomy for surgical removal of the FMH in this case mainly considering that it was a male cat with no detectable progesterone source, marked swelling, and a clinical condition that could deteriorate quickly. The FMH prognosis is good when there are no secondary infections or systemic signs, making it possible to maintain quality of life after treatment. The FMH must be considered a differential diagnosis for feline mammary tumors, regardless of gender and history of progesterone administration.

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Section: Casesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat

Bonatto

Silva

Favero

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…It's a rapid onset, benign, progesterone-associated fibroglandular proliferation of ductal epithelium and stroma of the mammary gland resulting in enlargement of one or more mammary glands without covering peripheral lymph nodes (Vitasek and Dendisova, 2006;Ucmak et al, 2011). It is hypothesised that progesterone is the important trigger for the development of FMFH, whether the source in endogenous or externally applied synthetic progestins (Kucukbekir et al, 2020;de-Melo et al, 2020). The prevalence of this mammary condition tends to be lower in areas where most cats are neutered prepubertally (Voorwald et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Pregnant Persian Cat: A Case Report

K.,

et al. 2023

JIVA

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A one-year-old pregnant Persian cat was presented to the outpatient medicine unit of university veterinary hospital, Kokkala, Thrissur, Kerala, with the complaint of sudden onset swelling of the mammary glands. Physical examination of mammary glands showed severely affected right and left inguinal mammary gland. On mammary ultrasonography, enlarged inguinal mammary lobes were visualized as a well-circumscribed solid mass of granular, slightly hyperechoic texture, with regularly delimited margins. Based on the history, clinical signs and ultrasonographic imaging the case was diagnosed as feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FMFH), mammary ultrasonography.The animal was conservatively treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate (@12.5 mg/kg orally 12-hour interval); topical daily massage of Aloe vera emollient gel.Animal showed an uneventful recovery and kittened three live kittens.

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Feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia and current treatment protocols

KULA

Uçmak

2022

Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences

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Nowadays, with the changing climatic conditions due to global warming, the seasonal estrus cycle in cats has reached the point where it can spread almost throughout the year. This situation has brought many problems with it. Mammary tumors and mammary gland hyperplasia are the most common cases in mammarytissue, which occur as a result of medical interventions for reproductive control. In this review, information about the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical detectionandespecially current and succeed treatment options of mammary gland hyperplasia in cats is given.

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A case of feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat

Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat

Feline Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Pregnant Persian Cat: A Case Report

Feline fibroepithelial hyperplasia and current treatment protocols

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