A case of human infection with a novel Babesia species in China

Man, Suqin; Qiao, Kun; Cui, Jie; Feng, Min; Fu, Yongfeng; Cheng, Xunjia

doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0121-1

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Indirect immunofluorescence staining was performed with primary antibody of anti-BMSA monoclonal antibody and then Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG as the secondary antibody. Propidium iodide was used for counterstaining, and the slides were examined using a confocal microscope (Man et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Major Surface Antigen of Babesia microti Merozoites as a Vaccine Candidate against Babesia Infection

Man¹,

Fu²,

Guan³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Babesia species are tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoa that cause babesiosis in humans worldwide. No vaccine has yet proven effective against Babesia infection. Surface antigens of merozoites are involved in the invasion of erythrocytes by Babesia. Surface antigens may be presented by both babesial sporozoites and merozoites and provide a general target for antibody-mediated inhibition of erythrocyte invasion. Here we evaluated a major surface antigen of B. microti merozoites, BMSA, as a potential vaccine to prevent babesiosis. Our data indicated that bmsa is transcribed during different phases, including ring form, amoeboid form, and merozoites, and that its expression is significantly increased in mature merozoites. The protein was found to be located in the membrane of B. microti and in the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes. The immune response induced by BMSA had a significant inhibitory effect on parasite invasion of the host erythrocytes (83.3% inhibition of invasion) and parasite growth in vivo. The levels of parasitemia significantly decreased after BMSA vaccination when mice were infected with babesia parasite. Importantly, protective immunity was significantly related to the upregulation of the Th17 cytokine interleukin-17, the Th1 cytokine interleukin-12p70 and the Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4, -6, and -10. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that interleukin-17 facilitated the secretion of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-10, -4, and -6, thereby inducing a predominately Th2 protective immune response and promoting the expression a high level of special IgG1 against Babesia infection. Further, an anti-BMSA monoclonal antibody successfully protected NOD/SCID mice from a challenge with B. microti. Taken together, our results indicated that BMSA induces a protective immune response against Babesia infection and may serve as a potential vaccine.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Major Surface Antigen of Babesia microti Merozoites as a Vaccine Candidate against Babesia Infection

Man¹,

Fu²,

Guan³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Predominately, three Babesia spp., Babesia microti, B. divergens, and B. duncani, have been described to be involved in human infections in the United States, Europe, and Asia [4,5]. Recently, two newly emerging Babesia species, named as B. motasi and B. crassa, which were previously reported as causative agents of ovine babesiaosis, have been sporadically reported in cases of human babesiosis in Asia [6,7,8,9,10]. As a causative agent responsible for human babesiosis, the rst case caused by B. motasi-like was reported in Korea in 2005 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of Babesia motasi Responsible for Human Babesiosis by Cross-priming Amplification Combined with a Vertical Flow

Wang

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Babesia motasi is known as an etiological agent of human and ovine babesiosis. Diagnosis of babesiosis is traditionally performed by microscopy, examining Giemsa-stained thin peripheral blood smears. Rapid detection and accurate identification of species are desirable for clinical care and epidemiological studies. Methods: An easy to operate molecular method, which requires less capital equipment and incorporates cross priming amplification combined with a vertical flow (CPA-VF) visualization strip for rapid detection and identification of B. motasi. Results: The CPA-VF targets the 18S rRNA gene and has a detection limit of 50 fg per reaction; no cross reaction was observed with other piroplasms infective to sheep or Babesia infective to humans. CPA-VF and real-time (RT)-PCR had sensitivities of 95.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1-99.4%) and 90.5% (72-97.6%) and specificities of 95.8 (80.5-99.5%) and 97.9 (83.5-99.9%), respectively, versus microscopy and nested (n) PCR combined with gene sequencing. The clinical performance of the CPA-VF assay was evaluated with field blood samples from sheep (n = 340) in Jintai county, Gansu Province, and clinical specimens (n = 492) obtained from patients bitten by ticks. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the CPA-VF is a rapid, accurate, nearly instrument-free molecular diagnostic approach for identification of B. motasi. Therefore, it could be an alternative technique for epidemiological investigations and diagnoses of ovine and/or human babesiosis caused by B. motasi, especially in resource-limited regions.

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“…This group of Babesia spp. has received much attention since B. ovis is the main etiological agent of ovine babesiosis, while B. motasi and B. crassa have been implicated in human cases of babesiosis throughout Asia [2][3][4][5][6]. Additionally, a novel Babesia species, named Babesia sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a transient transfection system for Babesia sp. Xinjiang with the use of homologous promoters

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundBabesia species, the agentic pathogens of human and animal babesiosis, are spread worldwide. Over the last decade, genetic manipulation approaches have been applied with many protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Cryptosporidium parvum, Theileria annulata, Theileria parva, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia ovata, Babesia gibsoni, and Babesia ovis. For Babesia sp. Xinjiang (Bxj), which is the causative pathogen of ovine babesiosis mainly in China, the efficiency of these techniques remain unclear. MethodsFirst, a plasmid bearing the elongation factor-1 alpha promoter, as well as the firefly luciferase reporter gene and rap stop region were transfected into Bxj by electroporation and nucleoporation to determine the most suitable transfection solution. Then, six program setting were evaluated to confirm the best for Bxj transient transfection and a series of different amounts of plasmid DNA were applied to generate relatively high luminescence values. Finally, the activities of four promoters derived from Bxj were evaluated using the developed transient transfection system. ConclusionsIn this study, a transient transfection system for Bxj was optimized. These findings provided critical information for Bxj genetic manipulation, as an essential tool to identify virulence factors and to further elucidate the basic biology of pathogens.

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A case of human infection with a novel Babesia species in China

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of a Major Surface Antigen of Babesia microti Merozoites as a Vaccine Candidate against Babesia Infection

Evaluation of a Major Surface Antigen of Babesia microti Merozoites as a Vaccine Candidate against Babesia Infection

Rapid Detection of Babesia motasi Responsible for Human Babesiosis by Cross-priming Amplification Combined with a Vertical Flow

Establishment of a transient transfection system for Babesia sp. Xinjiang with the use of homologous promoters

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