A Case ofMycobacterium riyadhensein an Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patient with a Suspected Paradoxical Response to Antituberculosis Therapy

Abstract

A 30-year-old male patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) presented with clinical picture suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. He was commenced on antituberculosis therapy (ATT) with signs of improvement. Then he developed cervical lymph node abscess which was drained. Steroid was started for presumed paradoxical response to ATT which results in clinical regression. The culture result revealed Mycobacterium riyadhense. This report addresses the rarity of this bacteria in medical literature. It reviews clinical presentations and medical treatment particularly in the setting of coinfections.

Mycobacterium riyadhensein Saudi Arabia

“…M. riyadhense is a slow-growing NTM identified as a cause of pulmonary and extrapulmonary illnesses in humans from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( 1 , 2 ). At least 8 clinical cases have been reported from France, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, with 5 of the 8 cases in Saudi Arabia ( 1 – 6 ) ( Table ). M. riyadhense can be misidentified by commercially available line probe assays as M. tuberculosis complex, mostly because of confusing banding patterns ( 1 ).…”