A Case of Lingua Villosa Nigra (Black Hairy Tongue) in a 3-Month-Old Infant

Owczarek-Drabińska, Joanna Elżbieta; Radwan-Oczko, Małgorzata

doi:10.12659/ajcr.926362

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In our study there is a true statistically significant correlation between smoking and the hairy tongue infection, smoking leads to estimated prevalence of 75% in hairy tongue patients. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In contrast to several studies linking hairy tongue with smoking , there are some articles that do not confirm such high rates, they reported that the casual smoking poses a slightly increased risk of having BHT compared to non-smokers (15% to 10% in men, 5.5% to 5.2% in women). As a result all studies believed that smoking was a predisposing factor to trigger excess production of keratin and discoloration of the keratin.26-29 Our results show a significant relationship between HT and excess consumption of black tea and coffee which was similar to that in Prabha's study.30 However, other studies confirmed such a relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sawan¹,

Mashlah²,

Aljoujou³

et al. 2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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Aim: The term hairy tongue was first coined by Amatus Lusitanus in the year 1557 as self-renewing hairs on the tongue. It is characterized by the presence of elongated filiform papillae of the dorsum of the tongue, which gives a hairy appearance, depends on two components: elongated filiform papillae and discoloration of the dorsal tongue as the result of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The hair-like projections in hairy tongue are thought to develop from a lack of adequate desquamation on the dorsal tongue. This prevents the breakdown of keratin layers on the dorsal tongue leads to their accumulation, known as hyperkeratosis. This occurs on the tips of the filiform papillae and leads to their elongation to be a suitable environment for bacterial growth by trapping microscopic food particles and bacteria themselves to thrive on the fermentation of amino acids and produce porphyrins, resulting in a black or brown color.Materials and Methods: The study design was case - control sample, among patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine at the Faculty of Dentistry at Damascus University during the period from February 2021 to January 2022.Patients (n = 20). Individuals with hairy tongue were included in the study. Tongue examination was performed according to WHO clinically without biopsy, then data were collected through the attached questionnaire in both case and control groups. It included demographic information and complete history of the patients. Results: We found that the prevalence of hairy tongue increased with male gender, and was more common with fissured tongue 15%, we reported 70% of hairy tongue patients had the lesion in the posterior third of the tongue. There was a true statistically significant correlation between the hairy tongue and predisposing as 70% smoking, 80% poor oral hygiene, 20% use oxidizing mouthwashes, 45% xerostomia and 30% use antibiotics for a long time. Although we reported 90% of hairy tongue patients had no pain, but we recorded 35% had a metallic taste and tickling sensations, 25% had burning sensation, and 55% had halitosis. There was not real statistically significant correlation between the colour of the hairy tongue and gender but on the other hand we showed that 30% black hairy tongue patients were smokers, 45% brown hairy tongue patients drank large amount of tea and coffee, and 25% creamy hairy tongue patients used medications.Conclusion: To conclude, hairy tongue is an asymptomatic condition involving the posterior third of the tongue, which can be easily diagnosed by clinical examination and triggered by predisposing factors. A thorough detailed history is always necessary to obtain an accurate diagnosis to investigate the risk factors for establishing the successful treatment of hairy tongue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sawan¹,

Mashlah²,

Aljoujou³

et al. 2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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“…The use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics may facilitate this process by disrupting the oral cavity's microecology and promoting fungal overgrowth 10 . The development of BHT is also associated with changes in saliva quantity and pH, as evidenced by reports of Vitamin C‐induced BHT 11 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake

Jiang,

Li,

Tan

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageA 31‐year‐old female with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder developed black hairy tongue after alprazolam therapy. Her symptom resolved 10 days after the cessation of alprazolam.AbstractAlprazolam is a widely used antidepressant and antianxiety drug. Mild to moderate side effect of alprazolam was commonly seen, including lethargy, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, constipation, and blurred vision. In this case, we reported a patient developed black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake, and her symptom resolved after 10‐day discontinuation of alprazolam. This rare adverse event should be of concern to clinicians. This is the first paper to report an alprazolam‐induced BHT. This rare side effect of alprazolam should be concern of clinicians; we hope our report will promote the understand of BHT and acknowledge clinicians of this rare side effect of alprazolam.

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“…Additionally, Hong et al classified lingua villosa as one of the most commonly detected OML in the pediatric world population (overall relative global frequency of 0.28%), and the most prevalent mucosal pathology in Americas region [ 1 ]. This tongue lesion got its name due to the presence of elongated filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue, which gives a hairy-like appearance, as can be observed in Figure 6 [ 13 ]. In our investigation it was the 3rd most frequent OML in boys and one of the least in girls, 9.6% and 3.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the incidence of HT was the highest among preschool children (9.1%), which was corroborated by the findings of the Brazilian study [ 8 ], and then it was decreasing among school-aged children (5.2%), then rose among adolescent group to the level of 6.7%. The greater prevalence of lingua villosa among young children (0–6 years) may be the outcome of the increased consumption of pulpy food, reduced oral hygiene skills, and the intake of certain diet supplements, e.g., vitamin C [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulcers and erosions, changes in the color and symmetry of the mucosa, depapillation of the tongue, and abnormal growth of the tissue are the signs and symptoms that should raise clinical suspicion. On the other hand, many OMLs are benign and self-limiting conditions that should not be treated—e.g., geographic or hairy tongue [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, the adequate knowledge of practitioners about the types and prevalence of OMLs in the pediatric population is essential for proper diagnosis, and hence appropriate therapy (or forbear from it).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Oral Mucosa Lesions in Pediatric Patients

Owczarek-Drabińska

Nowak

Zimoląg-Dydak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The prevalence of oral mucosa lesions (OMLs) among children varies from 4.1% up to 69.5%. There is a lack of sufficient epidemiological data and adequate knowledge about OMLs in relation to minors’ gender and age. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of OMLs in children, patients of the oral pathology clinic in south-western parts of Poland, and to investigate the potential correlation between the occurrence of particular types of OMLs and the gender and age. A retrospective study was performed using a total of 2474 clinical charts from 2015 to 2019. Data collected included age, gender, and OMLs’ type. The prevalence of OMLs in minors was 5.21%. Aphthae was the most frequent diagnosis. Boys were more commonly affected, and traumatic erosion and ulcers were significantly more often detected in males. The mean age of children was 8 y/o, preschoolers were significantly more often diagnosed with geographic tongue, while Morsicatio buccarum was significantly more common in school children and adolescents. Clinicians should be familiar with OMLs prevalence and with its specific frequency in connection to age and gender of children. Furthermore, they should be aware of the diversity of OMLs found in the oral cavity of children and that their frequency in the pediatric population is different from that in adults.

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A Case of Lingua Villosa Nigra (Black Hairy Tongue) in a 3-Month-Old Infant

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study

Black hairy tongue after alprazolam intake

The Prevalence of Oral Mucosa Lesions in Pediatric Patients

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