A case of pericarditis caused by Mycoplasma hyorhinis in a weaned piglet

Abstract

Background Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is a bacterium commonly found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs and an agent of polyserositis and polyarthritis. Moreover, it can carry antibiotic resistance genes (Wu et al, Vet. Microbiol. 76: 25–30, 2000). Economic losses caused by M. hyorhinis can be reduced by antibiotic therapy, however, isolation and antimicrobic susceptibility profile are rarely performed. Case presentation The present report describes a case of pericarditis caused by M. hyorhinis in a weaned piglet with respiratory symptoms and reduced growth performance. At post mortem examination, the main macroscopic finding was a severe fibrinous pericarditis and M. hyorhins was the only agent isolated from the pericardial fluid. In this strain, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination revealed resistance to various antimicrobial molecules such as erythromycin, tylosin and tilmicosin. Conclusion This paper highlights the importance of including M. hyorhins in the differential diagnosis of polyserositis in swine. Moreover, due the possible presence of multidrug resistance, the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern should be performed on a regular basis.

Metagenomic Approach Reveals the Second Subtype of PRRSV-1 in a Pathogen Spectrum during a Clinical Outbreak with High Mortality in Western Siberia, Russia

“…At the same time, some studies have shown that the bacteria may complicate the disease process and exacerbate the development of PRRS, causing a secondary infection in swine [ 9 , 27 ]. It is also known for causing polyserositis, pericarditis, and polyarthritis in weaned piglets [ 28 , 29 ]. Furthermore, in some recent works, Mycoplasma sp.…”

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - a neglected disease as a cause of fibrinous pericarditis in weaned piglets: An etio-pathological assessment

“…However, the association of Mycoplasmal spp. (M. hyorhinis, M. hyopneumoniae, and M. hyosynoviae) with brinous pericarditis has been reported in a few sporadic cases (Jensen et al, 1995;Buttenshon et al, 1997;Ustulin et al, 2021;Patel et al, 2022). Further, the prevalence of Mycoplasmal brinous pericarditis has been documented mainly in the slaughtered grower pigs.…”

Towards a Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method for Mycoplasma hyorhinis

“…For a long time, it was considered a commensal, inhabiting mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and only rarely causing disease [1,2]. Growing evidence as well as an increasing number of case reports indicate its emergence as an important cause of polyserositis and polyarthritis in nursery piglets at the age of 3-10 weeks, and other disease manifestations, such as conjunctivitis and meningitis in older pigs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…The resistance is conferred by a point mutation within the 23S rRNA [13,14]. Correspondingly, the literature reports increased minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for erythromycin among M. hyorhinis field isolates [6,8,9,15,16].…”

“…So far, a standardized methodology for mycoplasmas of animal origin has not been established. Still, studies report increased MIC values for several antimicrobial substances and isolates of different origins or deem isolates susceptible or resistant [6,19,20].…”