Progressive muscular dystrophies are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and movement disorders. This is a rare group of pathologies that presents a diagnostic problem in the practice of a neurologist. The combination of clinical, radiological, and laboratory methods of examination plays an important role in making the correct diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of muscles is used to diagnose primary muscle damage based on specific patterns of muscle damage. In this article, we will briefly discuss the opportunities of early diagnosis of muscular dystrophies and note the role of MRI of muscles as a highly informative diagnostic method in progressive muscle diseases.