A case of renal vein thrombosis with adrenal haemorrhage

Right Renal Vein Thrombosis With Post Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome With Right Atrophic Kidney in a Neonate

“…Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is the second most common cause of thromboembolism in neonates after umbilical vein thrombosis with incidence of 10% of neonatal venous thromboembolism. [1] It is more common among male infants with occlusion being unilateral more than bilateral with most common causes including prematurity, central venous lines, diabetic mother, asphyxia, infections, dehydration, polycythaemia, reduced renal blood flow due to shock and hyperosmolality, congenital heart disease and congenital deficiency of anticoagulants. [1,2,3,4] Incidence of unilateral RVT due to sepsis is 6%.…”

“…[1] It is more common among male infants with occlusion being unilateral more than bilateral with most common causes including prematurity, central venous lines, diabetic mother, asphyxia, infections, dehydration, polycythaemia, reduced renal blood flow due to shock and hyperosmolality, congenital heart disease and congenital deficiency of anticoagulants. [1,2,3,4] Incidence of unilateral RVT due to sepsis is 6%. [2] Renal vein thrombosis is reported to be more common among male infants with ratio of 2:1.…”

“…[3] Other causes include dehydration, polycythaemia, reduced renal blood flow due to shock and hyperosmolality, congenital heart disease and deficiency of anticoagulants like protein C and S, Antithrombin III, factor V Leiden mutation and prothrombin mutation. [1,2,3,4] A review of the literature showed that RVT of the new-born might be of unknown aetiology and probably occurs before birth. [7,8] Genetic mutations such as factor V Leiden is a risk factor, especially for in utero RVT.…”

“…[5] Ultrasonography with colour Doppler is important for diagnosis of RVT. [1,5] Our case was managed with treatment of sepsis, hypertension and use of subcutaneous anticoagulant. But baby eventually developed atrophy of the affected kidney.…”