A case of Rosai-Dorfman’s disease as isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy: a diagnostic challenge

Abstract

Background Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is seen in a variety of diseases, like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and metastasis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by tissue sampling with endobronchial ultrasound and transbronchial needle aspirate. A middle-aged male presented to us with a history similar to tuberculosis, and was on empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment was evaluated again by EBUS-TBNA and proved to be Rosai-Dorfman’s disease. This case report emphasizes on confirming the cases of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with tissue sampling. Conclusion All mediastinal lymphadenopathy should be evaluated in detail as the symptoms of the possible diseases, like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Kikuchi’s disease, Rosai-Dorfman’s disease, and malignancy can be similar. Hence, tissue sampling will confirm the diagnosis and help in appropriate management.