A case of simultaneous occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after chemotherapy for multiple myeloma (MM) is common in clinical settings, the simultaneous occurrence of these malignancies in patients without previous exposure to chemotherapy is a rare event. Etiology, disease management, and clinical treatment remain unclear for this particular occurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a case of simultaneous presentation of AML and MM after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation.Case presentationWe reported the case of a 73-year-old man (Han Chinese ethnicity) without previous medical history of AML and MM. The morphology and immunology of bone marrow cells confirmed the co-existence of AML and MM. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of immunomagnetically separated abnormal plasma cells showed abnormal expression of the amplified RB-1, TP53, and CDKN2C (1p32). Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated Y chromosome deletion.After the patient was administered with bortezomib combined with cytarabine + aclarubicin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CAG regimen), and evident curative effects were observed. The patient achieved and maintained complete remission for more than 6 months. Prior to the disease occurrence, the patient had received ultraviolet irradiation for 1 year and was detected with aberrant gene expression of RB-1, TP53, and CDKN2C (1p32). Nevertheless, the correlation of this phenomenon with the etiology of concurrent AML with MM remains unclear.ConclusionThis study discussed the case of a patient diagnosed with AML concurrent with MM, who has no previous exposure to chemotherapy. This patient was successfully treated by bortezomib combined with CAG regimen. This study provides a basis for clinical treatment guidance for this specific group of patients and for confirmation of the disease etiology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1743-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Double trouble: A case of synchronous presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma

“…Clonal bone marrow plasma cells > 10% or plasmacytoma PLUS 1 or more of the following myeloma defining events: Lu-Qun et al have speculated that multiple gene mutations may be involved in the occurrence of the two malignancies simultaneously, particularly deletions of RB-1, TP53 and 1p32, which were demonstrated in the plasma cell population of their patient. 12 The trisomy 8 and deletion 20q demonstrated by both FISH and cytogenetics in our patient likely represent the leukaemic clone as the aspirate had fewer plasma cells than the trephine, and the abnormalities are associated with myeloid malignancies rather than a plasma cell neoplasm. 13 Due to the rarity of the concurrent presentation of AML and MM, there is no established treatment modality.…”

Synchronous detection of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

“…achieved and maintained complete remission (CR) in a patient for more than six months with the use of bortezomib combined with cytarabine +aclarubicin. 10 The current patient received only one cycle of azacitidine and bortezomib-dexamethasone and he was exitus on the fourth month of diagnosis. Response evaluation could not be assessed.…”

“…The overall survival ranged from 10 days to six months for those cases. 5–10 Among them, Lu-Qun et al. achieved and maintained complete remission (CR) in a patient for more than six months with the use of bortezomib combined with cytarabine +aclarubicin.…”

Twin Malignancy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma in a Chemotherapy-Naïve Patient: A Rare Occurrence

“…A PUBMED database search was made for synchronous occurrence of AML with MM from 1970 to 2021 and data was analyzed 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ( Table 1 ).…”