A Case of Urothorax That Manifested as Posttraumatic Pleural Effusion after a Motorcycle Crash

Urinothorax: a systematic review

“…Figure 1 presents a flowchart showing a complete breakdown (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) of how (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) appropriate studies (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)…”

“…Table 4 shows a summary of the most common measures (favorable: total or partial control of PE or its symptoms; unfavorable: no control of PE, recurrence or symptoms). Thoracentesis, either evacuating (3 cases) or repeated (7 cases), did not show favorable results in any case (6,19,23,27,33,38,43,65,73,76). When the only therapeutic measure applied in 5 patients was chest drainage, no improvement was observed (16,25,33,57,67), except in one case (81).…”

Unusual diagnosis of urinothorax: a case report

“…Its most common causes are obstructive uropathy or trauma, including iatrogenic trauma; however, other causes have also been reported, such as malignancy and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. [2][3][4][5][6][7] There are two routes via which urine can enter the pleural cavity: i) via lymphatic drainage; 5 or ii) by seepage of abdominal fluid via diaphragmatic defects. 8 Urinothorax most often are ipsilateral as in our case, but contralateral 9 as well as bilateral effusions have also been observed.…”

“…1 This led to an awareness to include urinothorax as a differential diagnosis if no other etiology was to be found, which subsequently resulted in several reportings. 2,3 On the basis of this, urinary tract obstruction or obstructive uropathy (renal calculi) and trauma 4 (including iatrogenic injury post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) 5 are considered to be the common causes of urinothorax, although malignancy 6 and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis 7 have also been mentioned in some reports. We present a unique case of urinothorax with left urinoma and hydronephrosis where the pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio is less than 1.…”

Urinothorax: a new approach

“…Reported cases include surgical injury [2,8,18,[20][21][22], blunt trauma [23][24][25][26][27][28], attempted percutaneous neprhostomy [2,18,29], attempted kidney biopsy [2], failed neoureterocystotomy [2], acute obstruction secondary to renal calculi with hydronephrosis [14,18,[30][31][32], renal calculi lithotripsy [1,33] and renal transplantation [34,35].…”