A case pulmonic stenosis with single coronary artery in a dog.

Minami, Takeo; Wakao, Yoshito; Buchanan, James W.; Muto, Makoto; Watanabe, Toshifumi; Suzuki, Tatsuo; Takahashi, Mitsugi

doi:10.1292/jvms1939.51.453

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In EB and Boxers this type of CA anomaly was reported to contribute to PS by encircling the PA. 4,5 As diminishing CA blood flow or avulsion of the CA might result in death of the dog, dogs with aberrant CA were previously excluded from BV. 5,13 However, in the cases presented here fusion of the pulmonic valves seemed to contribute to PS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Subvalvular PS is associated with aberrant coronary arteries (CA) in brachycephalic breeds, Boxers and English Bulldogs (EBs). [2][3][4][5] Different forms of aberrant CA are described. 3 EBs have an R2A form with single right CA from which the left circumflex CA and paraconal CA originates, compared with standard anatomy in which the separate left CA originates directly from the left sinus of Valsalva.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3 EBs have an R2A form with single right CA from which the left circumflex CA and paraconal CA originates, compared with standard anatomy in which the separate left CA originates directly from the left sinus of Valsalva. [3][4][5] This aberrant CA encircles and potentially constricts the right ventricular outflow tract close to the level of the pulmonic valves contributing to PS. However, there might be a concurrent valvular abnormality 4 and it appears that PS in EBs is not solely due to R2A abnormality.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] This aberrant CA encircles and potentially constricts the right ventricular outflow tract close to the level of the pulmonic valves contributing to PS. However, there might be a concurrent valvular abnormality 4 and it appears that PS in EBs is not solely due to R2A abnormality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Balloon Valvuloplasty for Treatment of Pulmonic Stenosis in English Bulldogs with an Aberrant Coronary Artery

Fonfara

Pereira

Swift

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Background: English Bulldogs (EB) with pulmonic stenosis (PS) sometimes have an aberrant coronary artery (CA) type R2A encircling the pulmonary artery (PA). Balloon valvuloplasty (BV) is treatment of choice for severe PS, but is considered to be contraindicated in dogs with aberrant CA.Hypothesis: Conservative BV in EB with aberrant CA is safe and improves clinical signs and quality of life. Animals: Four client-owned EB with severe PS were retrospectively reviewed/analysed. Methods: Retrospective study: Case records, echocardiography, BV, and follow-up investigations of EB diagnosed with severe PS and treated with BV were reviewed. The ratios of PA to aortic (Ao) velocity time integral (VTI) were calculated to assess progression/improvement of PS.Results: An aberrant CA was confirmed on angiography in all EB. Conservative BV was performed, using a balloon of the size of the PA annulus or smaller (0.6-1 Â PA annulus size). All dogs survived the procedure, but only a mild reduction in pressure gradient was achieved. There was an improvement in PA to Ao VTI in 3 of 4 dogs (P .017), which were free of evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) 5, 10, and 15 months after BV. One dog that had right-sided CHF when BV was performed died due to progressive right-sided CHF within 3 months.Conclusions: Conservative BV in EB might be safe and might improve quality and quantity of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Balloon Valvuloplasty for Treatment of Pulmonic Stenosis in English Bulldogs with an Aberrant Coronary Artery

Fonfara

Pereira

Swift

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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“…In brachycephalic breeds, such as the English Bulldog and Boxer, PS can be associated with a single coronary artery that originates from the right Valsalva sinus and di-vides into branches. [14][15][16] The left branch, as in type R2A coronary anomaly of human beings, 10 encircles the pulmonary trunk just below the valve causing subvalvular stenosis. 14 To diagnose and grade the severity of PS, a pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve must be demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Balloon Valvuloplasty in 30 Dogs with Pulmonic Stenosis: Effect of Valve Morphology and Annular Size on Initial and 1‐Year Outcome

Bussadori¹,

DeMadron²,

Santilli³

et al. 2001

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Case records of 30 dogs in which valvular pulmonic stenosis (PS) was treated by balloon dilation were reviewed retrospectively. Physical examination, thoracic radiographs, 9-lead ECG, echocardiography, and Doppler studies were performed in all dogs. Twodimensional and Doppler echocardiography were repeated after 24 h and 1 year after treatment. Dogs were divided into 2 groups based on their valvular anatomy on echocardiography and aortic : pulmonary ratio: 18 had type A PS with normal annulus diameter and aortic : pulmonary ratio Յ1.2, and 12 had type B PS with pulmonary annulus hypoplasia and aortic : pulmonary ratio Ͼ1.2. Most dogs in the type B group were brachycephalic and had no poststenotic dilatation on thoracic radiographs. Of the dogs with type A stenosis, 100% survived valvuloplasty with resolution of clinical signs. At 1-year follow-up, 94.4% were still alive and remained asymptomatic. Of those with type B stenosis, 66.6% had favorable outcome postvalvuloplasty. At 1-year follow-up, 66.6% of dogs were alive, and resolution of clinical signs was obtained in 50%. This study revealed the immediate and long-term efficacy of balloon valvuloplasty in dogs with PS.Key words: Echocardiography; EchoDoppler. Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is one of the most common congenital heart defects in dogs, 1-5 especially in the English Bulldog, Mastiff, Fox Terrier, Samoyed, Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel, and West Highland White Terrier.1-6 A hereditary form of pulmonary valve dysplasia has been found in the Beagle 7,8 and Boykin Spaniel. 9 Both genders may be affected, but male Bull Mastiffs and English Bulldogs more commonly are affected than females of these breeds. 3-6Patterson et al 7,8 described the pathologic features of the hereditary form of pulmonary valve dysplasia in a colony of Beagles. They found a type 1 pulmonary valve dysplasia similar to the ''typical'' form of PS in human beings, 10 in which the valve leaflets appear slightly thickened, and the commissures fused with a central orifice. Type 2 pulmonary valve dysplasia is characterized by moderate to severe thickening and hypoplasia of valve leaflets and obstruction of the orifice by redundant valve tissue. In the same study, intermediate forms of PS were found, thereby indicating that the 2 types of pulmonary valve dysplasia are not distinct entities. 7Valvular dysplasia is the most common form of PS in dogs. [4][5][11][12][13] It often is present together with type 2 pathologic features (ie, hypoplasia of the annulus, 4 asymmetry or eccentricity of the valve sinus, 4 and a fibrous ring just at the base of the valve 13 ). In brachycephalic breeds, such as the English Bulldog and Boxer, PS can be associated with a single coronary artery that originates from the right Valsalva sinus and di- Sasso, Via Donatello 26, 20131 Milan, Italy. Submitted December 16, 1998; Revised March 6, 2000, December 1, 2000, and February 2, 2001 Accepted May 7, 2001 [11][12][13] with indirect measurement of a gradient can be used. Doppler-derived gradients are 40-50% highe...

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