A case report of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis

Abstract


 Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a benign, uncommon type of chronic cholecystitis manifested by focal or diffuse severe inflammatory process of the gallbladder (GB). It is inflammatory disease of the gallbladder characterized by the infiltrations of plasma cells, lipid-laden histiocytes, and the fibroblasts proliferation in GB wall. Gallstones are present in all patients, and like most symptomatic gallbladder diseases, there is a female predominance. It is an active inflammatory process which could leads to significant morbidity. The term Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis was initially proposed by Goodman and Ishak in 1981. The pathogenesis of XGC is the rupture of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses and extravasation of bile into the muscular layer. The rupture of the serosa results in adhesion to the adjacent liver, duodenum, and transverse colon. Macroscopically, it appears like yellowish masses in the wall of the GB. Radiologically it is an important mimic of gallbladder carcinoma.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: diagnostic complexity and review of the literature

“…The continuity of the hyper-enhancing mucosal line is a feature of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease that effects the gallbladder wall, and therefore the mucosal surface is intact; in contrary to cholangiocarcinoma where the disease arises from the gallbladder epithelium leading to mucosal disruption. Indeed, mucosal line disruption has been observed in 82.2% of cases of cholangiocarcinoma [ 19 ].…”