A Case Report on Oral Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis

Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda; Gunawardane, Sumith; Sitheeque, Mohaideen; Wickramasinghe, Susiji

doi:10.1155/2015/648278

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…repens have been documented in Sri Lanka up to year 2000 [ 4 ]. Cases continue to occur and a series of seven and two intra-oral infections were reported in 2003 [ 5 ] and 2015 [ 6 ] respectively. Thirty cases of ocular dirofilariasis were reported over a period of eight years (2006–2014) from a single institution [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary survey of filarial parasites in dogs and cats in Sri Lanka

et al. 2018

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Human brugian filariasis has re-emerged in Sri Lanka after a quiescent period of four decades. This study investigated the prevalence of canine and feline filarial parasites in three localities with human sub-periodic brugian filariasis, in order to determine their potential reservoir status. All reachable dogs and cats, both stray and domestic, within a 350m radius of an index case of brugian filariasis in three locations (Madampe, Wattala and Weliweriya) were screened for microfilariae using Giemsa stained thick blood smears. A representative sample of canine and feline blood samples positive for Brugia spp. microfilariae by microscopy, from each of the three locations, were further analyzed by PCR with specific primers for internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. A total of 250 dogs and 134 cats were screened. The overall microfilaraemia rates were high among both dogs (68.8%) and cats (47.8%). The prevalence of microfilaraemia was significantly higher among dogs than cats (p<0.05). Two filarial species were identified based on morphology of microfilariae: Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens (dogs, 54.4% and cats, 34.3%) and Brugia spp. (dogs, 51.6% and cats, 30.6%). PCR analysis of canine (n = 53) and feline (n = 24) samples elicited bands in the region of 615bp, which confirmed Brugia malayi infection. Co-infection with D.(N.) repens was detected by PCR with an additional band at 484bp, in 36 canine and 17 feline samples. Overall microfilaraemia rates of dogs (81.8%) and cats (75%) in Madampe (rural) were significantly higher than in urbanized Wattala (dogs, 62.4% and cats, 26.0%) (p<0.05). High rates of zoonotic filarial infections strongly implicate dogs and cats as potential reservoirs for human dirofilariasis and brugian filariasis in Sri Lanka.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary survey of filarial parasites in dogs and cats in Sri Lanka

et al. 2018

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“…Of these, 4250 have occurred in Europe, with the highest incidences occurring in Ukraine (1934 cases), Russia (1440), Italy (326), and Belorussia (131), and with only 35 pulmonary cases attributed to D. immitis [ 6 , 39 , 77 ]. In Asia ( Figure 3(b) ), Sri Lanka, with 135 cases [ 78 , 79 ], and India, with at least 100 subcutaneous/ocular cases and 3 pulmonary cases [ 80 ], are the countries with the highest level of incidence for human subcutaneous/ocular dirofilariasis. In other countries very few cases have been reported [ 43 , 81 – 83 ].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexity of Zoonotic Filariasis Episystem and Its Consequences: A Multidisciplinary View

Simón

González‐Miguel

Diosdado

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Vector-borne transmitted helminthic zoonosis affects the health and economy of both developing and developed countries. The concept of episystem includes the set of biological, environmental, and epidemiological elements of these diseases in defined geographic and temporal scales. Dirofilariasis caused by different species of the genus Dirofilaria is a disease affecting domestic and wild canines and felines and man, transmitted by different species of culicid mosquitoes. This complexity is increased because Dirofilaria species harbor intracellular symbiont Wolbachia bacteriae, which play a key role in the embryogenesis and development of dirofilariae and in the inflammatory pathology of the disease. In addition, the vector transmission makes the dirofilariasis susceptible to the influence of the climate and its variations. The present review addresses the analysis of dirofilariasis from the point of view of the episystem, analyzing the complex network of interactions established between biological components, climate, and factors related to human activity, as well as the different problems they pose. The progress of knowledge on human and animal dirofilariasis is largely due to the multidisciplinary approach. Nevertheless, different aspects of the disease need to continue being investigated and cooperation between countries and specialists involved should be intensified.

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“…A global review of cases from 1995 to 2000 has documented the second largest collection of subcutaneous and ocular D. repens infections from Sri Lanka [11]. Subsequently a series of intraoral infections were reported in 2003 [17] and 2015 [18] and 30 cases of ocular infections were reported from 2006 to 2014 from the central province of Sri Lanka [16]. Moreover, the prevalence of canine and feline D. repens infections continues to be high in western Sri Lanka [19, 20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Human Dirofilariasis in Western Sri Lanka

Chandrasena

Premaratna

Mallawaarachchi³

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. Human dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonosis in many countries. Dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens may present with diverse clinical manifestations in humans due to aberrant localization of worm lesions causing diagnostic dilemmas. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and update the demography and clinical spectrum of human dirofilariasis in western Sri Lanka. Nematode or nematode fragments isolated from excision biopsies that were confirmed as D. repens at the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, between 2012 and 2018 were included. Data on age, gender, and clinical details were obtained from case files. Identity of worms was established by morphometry and cuticle characteristics on wet-mount preparation. Specimens from unusual case presentations were further analyzed by PCR with specific primers for internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. Results. Sixteen nematode specimens isolated from subconjunctiva (n=2), subcutaneous (n=13) and intramuscular (n=1) locations were identified as D. repens by morphometry (average length 11.5 cm) and the characteristic longitudinal striations on cuticle visualized by microscopy. The age distribution of cases ranged from 1 to 65 years with a mean of 21.5. Females were more frequently affected (n=10, 62.5%) and worm locations were commonest in the orbital region (5/16) and scrotum (3/16). Imaging techniques were of use in detecting infections in deeper tissue levels. PCR analysis of DNA extracted from a worm in an intramuscular granuloma of the temporal region elicited the expected band at 484bp for D. repens. Conclusions. Human dirofilariasis is on an upward trend in incidence. Imaging techniques were of use in clinical diagnosis and molecular speciation in establishing the species identity in unusual case presentations. We suggest a more conservative approach in the management of human dirofilariasis and recommend a one health approach for control.

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A Case Report on Oral Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

A preliminary survey of filarial parasites in dogs and cats in Sri Lanka

A preliminary survey of filarial parasites in dogs and cats in Sri Lanka

The Complexity of Zoonotic Filariasis Episystem and Its Consequences: A Multidisciplinary View

The Diversity of Human Dirofilariasis in Western Sri Lanka

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