A Case Study of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) as a Forest Seedling Bank Species

Marks, P. L.; Gardescu, Sana

doi:10.2307/2997242

Cited by 90 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to the results obtained in this study, populations of holm oak seedlings fulfil two of the three key characteristics that Marks and Gardescu [20] propose for a seedling bank: holm oak seedlings persist through time in the understory, and remain suppressed within a restricted range of sizes while in the shade. Nevertheless, holm oak seedlings from this study did not show any release after thinning, which is another characteristic also proposed by the same authors for a seedling bank.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grime [15] called such a population of persistent seedlings a "seedling bank". The presence of seedlings in the forest understory is insufficient to indicate whether a species maintains a persistent bank; only by monitoring individuals over time can it be demonstrated that tree seedlings are surviving more than a few years, and that they are not growing continuously upward [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the other extreme we find some shade-tolerant species whose seedlings may survive in shady conditions for long periods of time with very reduced growth rates. These potential recruits can accumulate in a dormant state when conditions are unfavourable, but then resume growth toward maturity when conditions become favourable [20]. Grime [15] called such a population of persistent seedlings a "seedling bank".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seedling bank dynamics in managed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests

Gracia¹,

Retana²,

Picó³

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The present study reports spatiotemporal variations in seedling bank dynamics during a 5-year period in thinned and unthinned holm oak (Quercus ilex) plots in the Montseny Massif (NE Spain). Large spatial and temporal variations in seedling density have been found in the three plots studied, while the spatial pattern has shown low temporal fluctuations. However, differences in recruitment and survival among thinned and unthinned plots were small, but both variables had large between-year variability. The monitoring of seedling growth over time demonstrated that holm oak seedlings hardly grew in height after five years. According to these results, holm oak seedlings persisted through time in the understory and remained suppressed while in the shade, but did not show any release after thinning. Thus, the seedling bank only represents a reserve of small individuals that do not have any evident role in holm oak forest dynamics under the present disturbance/management regime. holm oak / seedling / recruitment / growth / survival Résumé -Dynamique du banc de plantules dans des taillis coupés et non coupés de chêne vert (Quercus ilex). Cette étude analyse les variations spatiales et temporelles de la dynamique du banc de plantules de chêne vert (Quercus ilex) pendant cinq ans, dans des taillis coupés et non coupés dans le massif du Montseny (NE Espagne). Nous avons trouvé de grandes variations spatiales et temporelles de la densité de plantules dans les trois taillis étudiés. Cependant, les différences de recrutement et survivance des plantules entre les trois taillis sont minimes, mais les deux variables ont montré une grande différence interannuelle. L'échantillonnage de la croissance des plantules au fur et à mesure a montré qu'elles ne poussent pas après cinq ans. En accord avec ces résultats, les plantules de chêne vert survivent sans être altérées pendant des années dans le sous-bois, mais elles ne présentent aucune libération après la coupe. Pour cette raison, le banc de plantules de chêne vert peut être consideré comme une réserve de petits individus qui n'a aucun rôle évident dans la dynamique des chênaies sous le régime actuel de perturbation/gestion de ces forêts. chêne vert / plantule / recrutement / croissance / survivance Ann. For. Sci. 58 (2001) [843][844][845][846][847][848][849][850][851][852] 843

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seedling bank dynamics in managed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests

Gracia¹,

Retana²,

Picó³

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Obviously, Xuctuations in light availability would result in corresponding Xuctuations in recruitment dynamics. The traditional model for the coexistence of ASA and FGR (Poulson and Platt 1996) predicts that ASA will have greater recruitment (in absolute number of individuals) than FGR under high light conditions because of its greater fecundity and ability to maintain an abundant seedling bank (Marks and Gardescu 1998). Under low light, mortality is expected to be higher for ASA than for FGR (Kobe 1996), but growth release should be more important for ASA than for FGR (Canham 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale synchrony of gap dynamics and the distribution of understory tree species in maple–beech forests

2009

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Large-scale synchronous variations in community dynamics are well documented for a vast array of organisms, but are considerably less understood for forest trees. Because of temporal variations in canopy gap dynamics, forest communities-even old-growth ones-are never at equilibrium at the stand scale. This paucity of equilibrium may also be true at the regional scale. Our objectives were to determine (1) if nonequilibrium dynamics caused by temporal variations in the formation of canopy gaps are regionally synchronized, and (2) if spatiotemporal variations in canopy gap formation aVect the relative abundance of tree species in the understory. We examined these questions by analyzing variations in the suppression and release history of Acer saccharum Marsh. and Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. from 481 growth series of understory saplings taken from 34 mature stands. We observed that (1) the proportion of stems in release as a function of time exhibited a U-shaped pattern over the last 35 years, with the lowest levels occurring during 1975-1985, and that (2) the response to this in terms of species composition was that A. saccharum became more abundant at sites that had the highest proportion of stems in release during [1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982][1983][1984][1985]. We concluded that the understory dynamics, typically thought of as a stand-scale process, may be regionally synchronized.

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“…light, nutrients) to support their growth into the canopy. If herbivores limit or prevent the accumulation of shade tolerant juvenile stages under the adult canopy, often referred to as a seedling bank or advance regeneration (Grime 1979;Marks and Gardescu 1998), they can have a marked impact on plant populations, albeit in the future, even when the density and cover of adult plants is high, contrary to the foregoing predictions. Due to their greater initial size, previously established seedlings are often at a distinct competitive advantage when a disturbance creates favorable conditions for growth (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Regeneration of Rhizophora mangle in a Caribbean mangrove forest: interacting effects of canopy disturbance and a stem-boring beetle

2003

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Current theory predicts that in low-density, seed-limited plant populations, seed predation will be more important than competition in determining the number of individuals that reach maturity. However, when plant density is high, competition for microsites suitable for establishment and growth is expected to have a relatively greater effect. This dichotomous perspective does not account for situations in which the risk of seed predation differs inside versus outside recruitment microsites. We report the results of a field experiment and sampling studies that demonstrate such an interaction between microsite quality and the risk of propagule predation in mangrove forests on the Caribbean coast of Panama, where it appears to play a key role in shaping the demography and dynamics of the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle. Rhizophora's water-borne propagules establish wherever they strand, but long-term sampling revealed that only those that do so in or near lightning-created canopy gaps survive and grow to maturity. These microsites afford better growth conditions than the surrounding understory and, as importantly, provide a refuge from predation by the scolytid beetle, Coccotrypes rhizophorae. This refuge effect was confirmed with a field experiment in which Rhizophora seedlings were planted at different positions relative to gap edges, from 5 m inside to 20 m outside the gap. Mortality due to beetle attack increased linearly from an average of 10% inside a gap to 72% at 20 m into the forest. The interaction between canopy disturbance and propagule predation may be having a large impact on the composition of our study forests. Being shade-tolerant, Rhizophora seedlings that escape or survive beetle attack can persist in the understory for years. However, the high rate of beetleinduced mortality effectively eliminates the contribution of advance regeneration by Rhizophora saplings to gap succession. This may explain why the shade-intolerant mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa, is able to co-dominate the canopy in low intertidal forests at our study sites.

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A Case Study of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) as a Forest Seedling Bank Species

Cited by 90 publications

References 21 publications

Seedling bank dynamics in managed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests

Seedling bank dynamics in managed holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests

Large-scale synchrony of gap dynamics and the distribution of understory tree species in maple–beech forests

Regeneration of Rhizophora mangle in a Caribbean mangrove forest: interacting effects of canopy disturbance and a stem-boring beetle

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