A Case Study of the Solar and Lunar Semidiurnal Tide Response to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

van Caspel, Willem E.; Espy, Patrick; Hibbins, Robert; Stober, Gunter; Brown, Peter; Jacobi, Christoph; Kero, Johan

doi:10.1029/2023ja031680

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The code used to compute FES2014 was developed in collaboration between Legos, Noveltis, CLS Space Oceanography Division and CNES, and is available under GNU General Public License. The atmospheric winds and temperature data of the composite background atmosphere, and the hourly meteor wind measurements from the Collm, CMOR, and Kiruna radars, are available from https:// zenodo.org/record/8263394 (van Caspel, 2023).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the solar and lunar semidiurnal tide response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

Caspel

Espy

Hibbins

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study investigates the response of the semidiurnal tide (SDT) to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event using meteor radar wind observations and mechanistic tidal model simulations. In the model, the background atmosphere is constrained to meteorological fields from the Navy Global Environmental Model - High Altitude analysis system. The solar (thermal) and lunar (gravitational) SDT components are forced by incorporating hourly global temperature tendency fields from the ERA5 forecast model, and by specifying the M2 and N2 lunar gravitational potentials, respectively. The simulated SDT response is compared against meteor wind observations from the CMOR (43.3◦N, 80.8◦W), Collm (51.3◦N, 13.0◦E), and Kiruna (67.5◦N, 20.1◦E) radars, showing close agreement with the observed amplitude and phase variability. Numerical experiments investigate the individual roles of the solar and lunar SDT components in shaping the net SDT response. Further experiments isolate the impact of changing propagation conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere, non-linear wave-wave interactions, and the SSW-induced stratospheric ozone redistribution. Results indicate that between 80-97 km altitude in the northern hemisphere mid-to-high latitudes the net SDT response is driven by the solar SDT component, which itself is shaped by changing propagation conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere and by non-linear wave-wave interactions. In addition, it is demonstrated that as a result of the rapidly varying solar SDT during the SSW the contribution of the lunar SDT to the total measured tidal field can be significantly overestimated.

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Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the solar and lunar semidiurnal tide response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

Caspel

Espy

Hibbins

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Observational Verification of High‐Order Solar Tidal Harmonics in the Earth's Atmosphere

He,

Forbes,

Jacobi

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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This study combines 8 years of middle atmospheric wind data observed at 52°N latitude from two radars in different longitudinal sectors to investigate solar tides. The power spectral density of horizontal winds exhibits a −3 power law within the frequency range 2.0 < f < 7.0 cpd (equivalent to periods 3.6 − 12.0 hr). Particularly noteworthy are the 4.8‐ and 4‐hr tides, exhibiting signal‐to‐noise ratios ranging between 13 and 16 dB, surpassing the 0.01 significance level. This challenges their previous oversight in literature, possibly due to inadequacies in prevailing noise models. Cross‐spectra between longitudinal sectors emphasize the dominance of sun‐synchronous components in the six lowest‐frequency tides. Composite spectra indicate that tidal enhancements during SSWs resemble regular seasonal variations. Intriguingly, year‐to‐year spectral variations suggest that these enhancements are more influenced by seasonal dynamics than by SSW, contrasting with established literature. These findings underscore the need to reevaluate tidal harmonics and consider appropriate noise models in future studies.

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Influences of sudden stratospheric warmings on the ionosphere above Okinawa

Hocke,

Wang,

2024

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We analyzed the ionosonde observations from Okinawa (26.7° N, 128.1° E; magnetic latitude: 17.0° N) for the years from 1972 to 2023. Okinawa is in the northern low-latitude ionosphere, where the influences of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) on the ionosphere are expected to be stronger than in the mid- and high-latitude ionospheres. We divided the dataset into winters with major SSWs in the Northern Hemisphere (SSW years) and winters without major SSWs (no-SSW years). During the SSW years, the daily cycle of the F2-region electron density maximum (NmF2) is stronger than in the no-SSW years. The relative NmF2 amplitudes of solar and lunar tidal components (S2, O1, M2, MK3) are stronger by 3 % to 8 % in the SSW years than in the no-SSW years. The semidiurnal amplitude, averaged across 29 SSW events, has a significant peak at the central date of the SSW (epoch time 0 of the composite analysis). The SSW influence is not strong: the semidiurnal amplitude is about 38.2 % in the SSW years and about 34.0 % in the no-SSW years (relative to the NmF2 of the background ionosphere). However, there is a sharp decrease in the amplitude of about 10 % after the SSW peak is reached. The amplitude of the diurnal component does not show a single peak at the central date of the SSW. We present the maximal semidiurnal amplitudes of the SSWs since 1972. The SSW of 31 December 1984 has the strongest amplitude (162 %) in the ionosphere above Okinawa (with a high geomagnetic activity, Ap, of 37 nT). The most surprising finding of the study is the strong lunar tides with relative amplitudes of about 10 % and the discovery of a terdiurnal lunar tide (5 %) in the NmF2 during the SSW years. The periods of the ionospheric lunar tides align with the periods of ocean tides and lunisolar variations in the atmosphere.

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A Case Study of the Solar and Lunar Semidiurnal Tide Response to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

A case study of the solar and lunar semidiurnal tide response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

A case study of the solar and lunar semidiurnal tide response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

Observational Verification of High‐Order Solar Tidal Harmonics in the Earth's Atmosphere

Influences of sudden stratospheric warmings on the ionosphere above Okinawa

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