As an important part of China's grassland ecosystem, it is crucial to use remote sensing for high-resolution, long-term ecological monitoring and management of the Xilingol Grassland. This study uses Landsat data from May to September for the years 2013 to 2022 to estimate GPP, with a spatial resolution of 30m, and utilizes Slope and F-test methods to discern the spatial-temporal variations of GPP in Xilingol Grassland. The results indicate that over the past decade: 1) The multi-year average GPP value for Xilingol Grassland stands at 458.55 g C•m -2 •year -1 , with high-value areas mainly located in the northeastern and southern parts of the grassland, and low-value areas mainly located in the southwestern region. 2) The inter-annual average changes in GPP in Xilingol Grassland showed a pattern of initial decline followed by an increase. Among them, the highest proportion without significant change is 54.92%. 3) In particular, the meadow grassland mainly shows an increase or no significant change, accounting for 37.28% and 52.82% respectively. The typical grassland mostly shows no significant change, accounting with 61.8%. And desert steppes mainly showed a decreasing trend with 62.83%.