A case study on identification of airborne organic compounds and time courses of their concentrations in the cabin of a new car for private use

Yoshida, Toshiaki; Matsunaga, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.04.009

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is estimated that people spend about 6-8% of their time inside vehicle cabins (Klepeis et al, 2001). Taking into account that the concentrations of different organic compounds within vehicles may be as much as three times higher than in other indoor environments (Ilgen et al, 2001;Mandalakis et al, 2008;Weisel, 2005;Yoshida & Matsunaga, 2006), the long-term exposure of a car user to VOCs is of the highest importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of VOCs observed depends mostly on interior temperature, humidity, ventilation, age and the general condition of vehicle (Chien, 2007;Faber et al, 2012;Fedoruk & Kerger, 2003;Mandalakis et al, 2008;Rahman & Kim, 2012;Yoshida et al, 2006a;Yoshida & Matsunaga, 2006;You et al, 2007). Interior temperature seems to be an especially important factor influencing VOCs emission, because during summer days the temperature in car cabin may exceed 65ºC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, only four organic compounds were investigated. In another investigation, Yoshida and Matsunaga (2006) determined as many as 161 organic compounds, but they tested only one private car. You et al (2007) identified 82 compounds in a single new car; 61 compounds in a one year-old car and 36 compounds in a five year-old car.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have described interior air quality in used vehicles and research on VOC concentration originating from exterior sources. In comparison, only a few investigations have been performed on interior emission in new, unused, vehicles (Geiss et al, 2009;Grabbs et al, 2000;Yoshida & Matsunaga, 2006;Yoshida et al, 2006b), and in most cases the number of vehicles tested was limited (Yoshida et al, 2006a). Zhang et al (2008) tested 802 new private vehicles (some of which were up to 3 years old).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The materials which are the main sources of VOCs emission include hard plastics, elastomers, rubber, natural or synthetic leather, fabrics and fibres; all of them may be mentioned in connection with this issue (Chien, 2007;Fedoruk & Kerger, 2003;Grabbs et al, 2000;Mandalakis et al, 2008;Yoshida & Matsunaga, 2006;Yoshida et al, 2006a;You et al, 2007). The interior trim materials (leather or fabric) significantly affects VOCs levels within a vehicle (Chien, 2007;Kalman et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Faber¹,

Brodzik²,

Gołda-Kopek³

et al. 2014

ENRR

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Air composition inside the cabins of nine new vehicles of the same model, but with different interior equipments and materials used, was examined. Air samples were collected short after vehicles' production date. None of the vehicle was driven before sampling. Air pollution was assessed on the basis of the concentration of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total VOC. Since only new vehicles were under study, it can be stated that different VOCs, present in vehicle cabin, were emitted from interior materials. The main aim of the present work was to answer the question about the representativeness of collected air samples and intra-model variability of VOCs concentrations. Air samples were collected by an active method onto duplicate Carbograph 1TD and Tenax TA sorbents. VOCs were thermally desorbed and analyzed with the use of the TD-GC-FID/MS method. Quantitative and qualitative analyses as well as statistical calculations were performed. Total VOCs concentration ranged from 1.5 to 2.1 mg/m 3 in vehicles tested. About 200 different organic compounds were detected in each vehicle interior. Strong linear correlation was observed for concentrations of some kind of compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Faber¹,

Brodzik²,

Gołda-Kopek³

et al. 2014

ENRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in Automobile Interiors

Wensing

2009

Organic Indoor Air Pollutants

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Approach to estimation of absorption of aliphatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in an automobile cabin by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats

Yoshida

2009

J of Applied Toxicology

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The interior air of an automobile cabin has been demonstrated in our previous studies to be contaminated by high concentrations of a large variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons diffusing from the interior materials. In the present study, the amounts of seven selected aliphatic hydrocarbons absorbed by the car driver were estimated by evaluating their inhalation toxicokinetics in rats. Measured amounts of the substances were injected into a closed chamber system in which a rat had been placed, and the concentration changes in the chamber were examined. The toxicokinetics of the substances were evaluated based on concentration-time courses using a nonlinear compartment model. Their absorption amounts in humans at the levels of actual concentrations in the cabins without ventilation were extrapolated from the results found with the rats. The absorption amounts estimated for a driver during a 2 h drive were as follows: 6 microg/60 kg of human body weight for methylcyclopentane (interior concentration 23 microg/m(3) as median value in previous study), 5 microg for 2-methylpentane (36 microg/m(3)), 13 microg for n-hexane (65 microg/m(3)), 51 microg for n-heptane (150 microg/m(3)), 26 microg for 2,4-dimethylheptane (97 microg/m(3)), 17 microg for n-nonane (25 microg/m(3)) and 49 microg for n-decane (68 microg/m(3)). An inverse relationship was found between the exposure and absorption among the substances (e.g. between n-decane and 2,4-dimethylheptane). These findings suggest that not only the exposure concentrations but also the absorption amounts should be taken into account to evaluate the health effects of exposure to low concentrations of volatile compounds as environmental contaminants.

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A case study on identification of airborne organic compounds and time courses of their concentrations in the cabin of a new car for private use

Cited by 89 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in Automobile Interiors

Approach to estimation of absorption of aliphatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in an automobile cabin by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats

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