2021
DOI: 10.4001/003.029.1077
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A Catalogue of Natural Enemies of Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa: Classical Biological Control Agents Considered, Released and Established, Exotic Natural Enemies Present in the Field, and Bioherbicides

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Cited by 25 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Currently, over 460 insect agents have been released worldwide for the biological control of invasive alien plants, with around 70% establishing in their new range (Hinz et al 2019) and facilitating the control of around 65% of the targeted weed species (Schwarzländer et al 2018). In South Africa, Zachariades (2021) reported that out of 136 species of biological control agents released against 90 weed species, about 68% were reported as fully established. Although several factors affect the success of introduced agents, a considerable number of introductions fail due to climatic incompatibility between the agents' native and introduced ranges (Clausen 1978;Goolsby et al 2005;Harms et al 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, over 460 insect agents have been released worldwide for the biological control of invasive alien plants, with around 70% establishing in their new range (Hinz et al 2019) and facilitating the control of around 65% of the targeted weed species (Schwarzländer et al 2018). In South Africa, Zachariades (2021) reported that out of 136 species of biological control agents released against 90 weed species, about 68% were reported as fully established. Although several factors affect the success of introduced agents, a considerable number of introductions fail due to climatic incompatibility between the agents' native and introduced ranges (Clausen 1978;Goolsby et al 2005;Harms et al 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In South Africa, 90 weeds have been targeted for biocontrol using 136 agents, of which 92 are established on 66 target weeds (Zachariades 2021). A broad assessment of the success of these agents reports that 72% of the agents inflict some level of damage to the host plant, and 35% inflict extensive damage (Zachariades 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the start of the biocontrol programme in 1988, eight species of insects have been released as biocontrol agents against C. odorata in South Africa, of which two (a leaf-feeding moth, Pareuchaetes insulata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and a leaf-mining fly, Calycomyza eupatorivora Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae), have established (Zachariades et al 2021). A number of other candidate biocontrol agents have been investigated but not released (Zachariades 2021). The relatively low success rate of this programme with regards to releases and establishments can be ascribed, inter alia, to both incompatibility between genotypes of C. odorata from which natural enemies were collected and the SAB (for areas outside the Greater Antilles) (Zachariades et al 2011), and poor climatic compatibility (for much of the native range of C. odorata, including the Greater Antilles) (Robertson et al 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%