2018
DOI: 10.1159/000487082
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A Cautionary Note: “Real-World” Toxicity of Checkpoint Inhibitors

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Cited by 2 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 6 publications
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“…This is particularly critical for high-grade malignant brain tumors with a relatively low mutational burden and/or low immunogenicity. Therefore, multiple checkpoint inhibitors are often used concomitantly to enhance survival, but this practice frequently causes serious immune-related adverse events (6,7).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This is particularly critical for high-grade malignant brain tumors with a relatively low mutational burden and/or low immunogenicity. Therefore, multiple checkpoint inhibitors are often used concomitantly to enhance survival, but this practice frequently causes serious immune-related adverse events (6,7).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Combinations of inhibitors to target multiple immune checkpoint pathways have been employed in an effort to significantly enhance survival. Unfortunately, these combinations can cause severe immune-related adverse events, often leading to treatment discontinuation or morbidity and mortality (6)(7)(8)(9).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this frequently causes serious immune-related adverse events. 6,7 No single currently approved checkpoint inhibitor has demonstrated significant efficacy in high-grade glioma patients. Here, we explored an alternate paradigm with immune checkpoint reversal at the site of autologous tumor vaccine inoculation outside of the CNS.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unfortunately, these combinations may cause severe immune-related adverse events, often leading to treatment discontinuation or hospitalization, and, sometimes, death. 6,7,8,9 The CD200 immune checkpoint results in suppression of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL2 and IFNg, 10,11 and increases production of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) 12 and T regulatory cells (Tregs), 12,13,14 resulting in compromised anti-tumor activity. Previously, we revealed the following mechanisms employed by the CD200 protein: (1) it is upregulated in GBM-associated endothelial cells, creating an immunological barrier around the tumor microenvironment; 10 and (2) it is shed from tumors 12,15 and interacts with the inhibitory CD200 receptor (CD200R1) on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and within the draining lymph nodes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%