A Cell-Based Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell Coated with Anti-CD3 and CD28 Antibodies Enables Rapid Expansion and Long-Term Growth of CD4 T Lymphocytes

SHP-1 and SHP-2 Associate with Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Switch Motif of Programmed Death 1 upon Primary Human T Cell Stimulation, but Only Receptor Ligation Prevents T Cell Activation

“…1, CD3/MHC I, CD3/PD-1, and CD3/28 aAPCs were loaded with equal amount of anti-CD3 Ab and either anti-MHC class I, anti-PD-1, or anti-CD28. CFSE staining and FACS analysis were performed, as previously described (25).…”

The effect of artificial antigen-presenting cells with preclustered anti-CD28/-CD3/-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies on the induction of ex vivo expansion of functional human antitumor T cells

“…In this way, the functional activity of artificial APC can be modulated by modifying the composition of the expressed molecules. Although several artificial systems have been produced, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] only the following systems are suitable for clinical use, having been generated under conditions of Good Manufacturing Practice: immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 25,26 and anti-CD3 mAb immobilized on culture plates. Although this technology can efficiently support the expansion of CD4 + T cells, 27 the long-term growth of purified CD8 + T cells is hampered.…”

Establishment and Characterization of a Cell Based Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell for Expansion and Activation of CD8+ T Cells Ex Vivo

“…Artificial antigen-presenting systems encompass both cell-based and acellular technologies. Several diverse scaffoldding systems such as genetically engineered insect cells, mouse fibroblasts, human tumor cell lines (3,4,(11)(12)(13), microbeads, artificial liposomes, and biomembrane derivatives (exosomes, immunosomes) (14, 15) have been developed. However, the self-limitation of insect cells at 37 o C (the viable temperature for D. melanogaster cells is 27 o C) could lead to massive release of D. melanogaster antigens and limit the duration of the contact between the T cell and the aAPC (16,17).…”

“…The K562 cell-based aAPCs have several advantages over other aAPCs based on beads, insect cells, or biomembrane derivatives, such as negative MHC expression, mycoplasma free, better formation of the immunological synapse as a result of the fluidity of its membrane, well growth in serum-free medium (3,4,11,13). Due to the preferential binding of B7-2 to CD28 and B7-1 to CTLA-4, and both CD28 and B7-2 constitutively expressed on T cells and APCs, respectively, relatively week interaction between CD28 and B7-2 may suffice as an early co-stimulatory interaction to initiate T cell activation (6,7).…”