“…Common to all these modeling applications is the belief that CAs can capture essential features of physical systems in which largescale behavior arises from the collective effect of large numbers of locally interacting simple components. In engineering applications, CAs have been used to perform, among other things, parallel formal-language recognition [70,81] and a range of image-processing tasks [55,72,73,76,83,93]. There are many other potential engineering applications of CAs, such as forecasting, spatio-temporal noise-reduction, the discovery of coherent structures in data, texture detection, and so on.…”