A cellular investment of bone marrow

Menton, David N.; Simmons, David J.; Orr, B. Y.; Plurad, Santiago B.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092030114

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The bone marrow cells directly exposed to the osteogenic signals released by the osteoclast are the mesenchymal cells that form an envelope surrounding the red bone marrow 181920. They were identified in all species investigated so far,18 and recently received new attention 2122.…”

Section: Overview Of the Putative Effector Cells Of The Reversal Phasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They form an envelope surrounding the whole bone marrow 18192021. Importantly, these cells can differentiate into mature osteoblasts, as shown in culture experiments performed with cells isolated from the bone marrow envelope of human bone marrow plugs 21.…”

Section: Bone-remodeling Compartment Canopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphologically, the bone marrow envelope cells appear much like the bone-lining cells, and have sometimes been considered as a multilayer of bone-lining cells 59. However, there are also reasons to consider them as a distinct anatomical entity, since they do not physically interact with the bone matrix itself as do the bone-lining cells, and dissociate from bone-lining cells when taking marrow plugs out of the bone,181921 or as seen in images of the marrow–bone interface, where they are lifted over the osteoclast (Figure 2). 22 Accordingly, they appear as a canopy covering nearly all the osteoclasts in human trabecular bone of normal individuals,2225860 and extend over the whole surface undergoing bone remodeling (Figures 1 and 4) (Table 1).…”

Section: Bone-remodeling Compartment Canopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversal phase of the bone-remodeling cycle: cellular prerequisites for coupling resorption and formation

2014

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The reversal phase couples bone resorption to bone formation by generating an osteogenic environment at remodeling sites. The coupling mechanism remains poorly understood, despite the identification of a number of ‘coupling' osteogenic molecules. A possible reason is the poor attention for the cells leading to osteogenesis during the reversal phase. This review aims at creating awareness of these cells and their activities in adult cancellous bone. It relates cell events (i) on the bone surface, (ii) in the mesenchymal envelope surrounding the bone marrow and appearing as a canopy above remodeling surfaces and (iii) in the bone marrow itself within a 50-μm distance of this canopy. When bone remodeling is initiated, osteoprogenitors at these three different levels are activated, likely as a result of a rearrangement of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Notably, canopies are brought under the osteogenic influence of capillaries and osteoclasts, whereas bone surface cells become exposed to the eroded matrix and other osteoclast products. In several diverse pathophysiological situations, including osteoporosis, a decreased availability of osteoprogenitors from these local reservoirs coincides with decreased osteoblast recruitment and impaired initiation of bone formation, that is, uncoupling. Overall, this review stresses that coupling does not only depend on molecules able to activate osteogenesis, but that it also demands the presence of osteoprogenitors and ordered cell rearrangements at the remodeling site. It points to protection of local osteoprogenitors as a critical strategy to prevent bone loss.

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Section: Overview Of the Putative Effector Cells Of The Reversal Phasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone-remodeling Compartment Canopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone-remodeling Compartment Canopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversal phase of the bone-remodeling cycle: cellular prerequisites for coupling resorption and formation

2014

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“…The nature of the multilayered cells is unclear. (14) Since the cell density decreased 3 days after loading, these cells might return to their original position or undergo apoptosis. This might be analogous to the loss of cells on completion of bone remodeling units in humans, amounting to 70% in cortical bone, and 30% in trabecular bone, which remains a well recognized but unexplained observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Loading Stimulates Bone Formation by Reactivation of Bone Lining Cells in 13-Week-Old Rats

Chow

Wilson

Chambers

et al. 1998

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

101

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The bone formation that occurs in response to mechanical stimulation is generally considered to be a means by which bone adapts to changes in its mechanical environment. We have previously shown that the expression of genes for bone matrix proteins is maximal 72 h after a single 5-minute episode of loading of tail vertebrae of 13-week-old female rats, that the predominant increase in mineralization occurs after 3 days, and that the osteogenic response to mechanical stimulation is not dependent on prior bone resorption. We have now investigated the cellular correlates of this osteogenic response. No proliferation was detected, by pulse or flash labeling, in the trabecular bone surface cells of animals killed 1 h to 10 days after the loading episode. Ultrastructural examination revealed that most of the cells covering the trabecular bone surface of control vertebrae were flat bone lining cells. After mechanical stimulation, the trabecular bone surface cells developed ultrastructural features of osteoblastic differentiation and activity, with acquisition of an increasingly cuboidal shape, rounded nuclei, and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Morphometric analysis of the mean cell area, mean nuclear area, and cell and nuclear height showed that they were all maximal 48 h after loading. By 120 h after loading, the appearances of bone surface cells had reverted to those of control vertebrae. Thus, mechanical loading appears to activate lining cells, with a temporal sequence that correlates with bone matrix production. (J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:1760-1767)

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“…We refer to this as the 'Marrow Sac' (Menton et al, 1982a;McLean and Urist, 1968;Jaffe, 1972;Matthews, 1980). We found that the marrow and endosteal bone cells were each effectively compartmentalized by an intervening condensed surface layer of epithelial-like mesenchymal stromal cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%