A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Osdaghi, Ebrahim; Jones, Jeffrey B.; Sharma, Anuj; Goss, Erica M.; Abrahamian, Peter; Newberry, E. A.; Potnis, Neha; Carvalho, Renato; Choudhary, Manoj; Paret, Mathews L.; Timilsina, Sujan; Vallad, Gary E.

doi:10.1111/mpp.13125

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(331 reference statements)

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“… Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria strains isolated from pepper were able to colonize nightshade and common bean ( 48 , 49 ). All these observations highlight the role of nonhost plants in the epidemiology of bacterial plant pathogens, which needs further attention, especially when it comes to decision-making for management of the corresponding diseases under natural field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Molecular-Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Distinct Features of Crown Gall-Associated Xanthomonas Strains

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Molecular-Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Distinct Features of Crown Gall-Associated Xanthomonas Strains

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“…euvesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans, and X. vesicatoria (Jones et al, 2004;Osdaghi et al, 2021;Potnis et al, 2015). X. hortorum pv.…”

Section: Hos T R Ang Eunclassified

“…Furthermore, X. hortorum pv. gardneri, in addition to three other Xanthomonas spp., is a major pathogen on tomato and/or pepper (Jones et al, 2004;Osdaghi et al, 2021;Potnis et al, 2015). Diseases caused by X. hortorum pathovars have been reported in more than 40 countries across all continents except Antarctica (Figure 4), either as one-time reports or as frequent reoccurrences.…”

Section: G Eog R Aphi C D Is Tributi On and Imp Ortan Cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some years later, it was suggested to be part of genus Xanthomonas (Dye, 1966), but it was not formally described as X. gardneri until the beginning of the 21st century (Jones et al, 2004). The taxonomical history of the Xanthomonas strains causing bacterial spot of tomato and pepper has been thoroughly reviewed (Osdaghi et al, 2021; Potnis et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Xanthomonas hortorum – beyond gardens: Current taxonomy, genomics, and virulence repertoires

Dia

Morinière

Cottyn³

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Taxonomy Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Lysobacterales (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadales); Family Lysobacteraceae (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadaceae); Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. hortorum; Pathovars: pv. carotae, pv. vitians, pv. hederae, pv. pelargonii, pv. taraxaci, pv. cynarae, and pv. gardneri. Host range Xanthomonas hortorum affects agricultural crops, and horticultural and wild plants. Tomato, carrot, artichoke, lettuce, pelargonium, ivy, and dandelion were originally described as the main natural hosts of the seven separate pathovars. Artificial inoculation experiments also revealed other hosts. The natural and experimental host ranges are expected to be broader than initially assumed. Additionally, several strains, yet to be assigned to a pathovar within X. hortorum, cause diseases on several other plant species such as peony, sweet wormwood, lavender, and oak‐leaf hydrangea. Epidemiology and control X. hortorum pathovars are mainly disseminated by infected seeds (e.g., X. hortorum pvs carotae and vitians) or cuttings (e.g., X. hortorum pv. pelargonii) and can be further dispersed by wind and rain, or mechanically transferred during planting and cultivation. Global trade of plants, seeds, and other propagating material constitutes a major pathway for their introduction and spread into new geographical areas. The propagules of some pathovars (e.g., X. horturum pv. pelargonii) are spread by insect vectors, while those of others can survive in crop residues and soils, and overwinter until the following growing season (e.g., X. hortorum pvs vitians and carotae). Control measures against X. hortorum pathovars are varied and include exclusion strategies (i.e., by using certification programmes and quarantine regulations) to multiple agricultural practices such as the application of phytosanitary products. Copper‐based compounds against X. hortorum are used, but the emergence of copper‐tolerant strains represents a major threat for their effective management. With the current lack of efficient chemical or biological disease management strategies, host resistance appears promising, but is not without challenges. The intrastrain genetic variability within the same pathovar poses a challenge for breeding cultivars with durable resistance. Useful websites https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTGA, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTCR, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTPE, https://www.euroxanth.eu, http://www.xanthomonas.org, http://www.xanthomonas.org/dokuwiki

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“…and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) [50]. TALEs contribute significantly to the fitness for Xcv, but they are not major virulence determinants, as they are in Xanthomonas oryzae.…”

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Plant Executor Genes

Guo

Chen

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Executor (E) genes comprise a new type of plant resistance (R) genes, identified from host–Xanthomonas interactions. The Xanthomonas-secreted transcription activation-like effectors (TALEs) usually function as major virulence factors, which activate the expression of the so-called “susceptibility” (S) genes for disease development. This activation is achieved via the binding of the TALEs to the effector-binding element (EBE) in the S gene promoter. However, host plants have evolved EBEs in the promoters of some otherwise silent R genes, whose expression directly causes a host cell death that is characterized by a hypersensitive response (HR). Such R genes are called E genes because they trap the pathogen TALEs in order to activate expression, and the resulting HR prevents pathogen growth and disease development. Currently, deploying E gene resistance is becoming a major component in disease resistance breeding, especially for rice bacterial blight resistance. Currently, the biochemical mechanisms, or the working pathways of the E proteins, are still fuzzy. There is no significant nucleotide sequence homology among E genes, although E proteins share some structural motifs that are probably associated with the signal transduction in the effector-triggered immunity. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding TALE-type avirulence proteins, E gene activation, the E protein structural traits, and the classification of E genes, in order to sharpen our understanding of the plant E genes.

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A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 62 publications

References 216 publications

Phenotypic and Molecular-Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Distinct Features of Crown Gall-Associated Xanthomonas Strains

Phenotypic and Molecular-Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Distinct Features of Crown Gall-Associated Xanthomonas Strains

Xanthomonas hortorum – beyond gardens: Current taxonomy, genomics, and virulence repertoires

Plant Executor Genes

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