A Central Leader Election Method Using the Distance Matrix in Ad Hoc Networks

Intra-Cluster Routing with Backup Path in Sensor Networks

“…Intra-cluster routing is the process to find out the efficient path to forward network traffic (or data) towards the cluster head within the cluster. We consider the link throughput, delay, packet loss ratio, interference, residual energy [14][15][16][17] and node distance to select the links and corresponding sensor node to establish path of the intra-cluster communication. We also use the penalty functions, which helps the sensor nodes not to select the path with lower than the required or expected throughput and delay.…”