“…The range-based localization algorithm gets the distance from sensor nodes to different sensor nodes using measuring information, such as received signal strength indicator (RSSI) [5,11,12], time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), and angle of arrival (AOA) [13]. Rangefree localization methods include centroid algorithm [14,15], bounding box algorithm [16,17], gird Scan algorithm [18,19], DV-Hop algorithm [20, 21], amorphous algorithm [22,23], APIT algorithm [24, 25], MDS-MAP algorithm [26,27], and so on. The ranged-free methods estimate location of unknown nodes based on node connectivity and hop count information [28].…”