A century-long eddy-resolving simulation of global oceanic large- and mesoscale state

Ding, Mengrong; Liu, Hailong; Lin, Pengfei; Meng, Yao; Zheng, Weipeng; An, Bo; Luan, Yigang; Yu, Yongqiang; Yu, Zhenzhen; Li, Yiwen; Ma, Jinfeng; Chen, Jian; Chen, Kangjun

doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01766-9

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…In the last few years it has become possible to run global ocean simulations with fine grids in the 10-25 km range that partially resolve the mesoscale turbulence. This resolution is referred to as "eddy-permitting" in contrast to the "eddy-resolving" resolution that requires even finer grids, beyond presently available computational resources for climate projections (Ding et al, 2022;Silvestri et al, 2023). The eddy-permitting regime shares conceptual similarities with the well-established Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique used in computational fluid dynamics for three-dimensional turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we take inspiration from Roullet and Gaillard (2022) and develop a WENO reconstruction scheme tailored to the rotational formulation of the advection operator, applicable to both the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and the primitive equations. We propose this scheme as an alternative to the commonly used approach for tackling mesoscale turbulence in eddypermitting ocean simulations, which employs explicit viscous closures paired with low-order oscillatory (dispersive) advection schemes (Adcroft et al, 2019;Ding et al, 2022). Our method is constructed with two objectives in mind: (i) ensuring stability through variance dissipation of both rotational and divergent motions, eliminating the need for additional explicit dissipation, and (ii) controlling the implicit numerical diffusion through a novel approach to smoothness metrics in the WENO framework.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new WENO-based momentum advection scheme for simulations of ocean mesoscale turbulence

Silvestri,

Wagner,

Campin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Current eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving ocean models require dissipation to prevent a spurious accumulation of enstrophy at the grid scale. We introduce a new numerical scheme for momentum advection in large-scale ocean models that involves upwinding through a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction. The new scheme provides implicit dissipation and thereby avoids the need for an additional explicit dissipation that may require calibration of unknown parameters. This approach uses the rotational, “vector invariant” formulation of the momentum advection operator that is widely employed by global general circulation models. A novel formulation of the WENO “smoothness indicators” is key for avoiding excessive numerical dissipation of kinetic energy and enstrophy at grid-resolved scales. We test the new advection scheme against a standard approach that combines explicit dissipation with a dispersive discretization of the rotational advection operator in two scenarios: (i) two-dimensional turbulence and (ii) three-dimensional baroclinic equilibration. In both cases, the solutions are stable, free from dispersive artifacts, and achieve increased “effective” resolution compared to other approaches commonly used in ocean models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new WENO-based momentum advection scheme for simulations of ocean mesoscale turbulence

Silvestri,

Wagner,

Campin

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, we take inspiration from Roullet and Gaillard (2022) and develop a WENO reconstruction scheme tailored to the rotational formulation of the advection operator, applicable to both the two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes and the primitive equations. We propose this scheme as an alternative to the commonly used approach for tackling mesoscale turbulence in eddy‐permitting ocean simulations, which employs explicit viscous closures paired with low‐order oscillatory (dispersive) advection schemes (Adcroft et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2022). Our method is constructed with two objectives in mind: (a) ensuring stability through variance dissipation of both rotational and divergent motions, eliminating the need for additional explicit dissipation, and (b) controlling the implicit numerical diffusion through a novel approach to smoothness metrics in the WENO framework.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, it has become possible to run global ocean simulations with fine grids in the 10–25 km range that partially resolve the mesoscale turbulence. This resolution is referred to as “eddy‐permitting” in contrast to the “eddy‐resolving” resolution that requires even finer grids, beyond presently available computational resources for climate projections (Ding et al., 2022; Silvestri et al., 2024). The eddy‐permitting regime shares conceptual similarities with the well‐established Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique used in computational fluid dynamics for three‐dimensional turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New WENO‐Based Momentum Advection Scheme for Simulations of Ocean Mesoscale Turbulence

Silvestri,

Wagner,

Campin

et al. 2024

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Current eddy‐permitting and eddy‐resolving ocean models require dissipation to prevent a spurious accumulation of enstrophy at the grid scale. We introduce a new numerical scheme for momentum advection in large‐scale ocean models that involves upwinding through a weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction. The new scheme provides implicit dissipation and thereby avoids the need for an additional explicit dissipation that may require calibration of unknown parameters. This approach uses the rotational, “vector invariant” formulation of the momentum advection operator that is widely employed by global general circulation models. A novel formulation of the WENO “smoothness indicators” is key for avoiding excessive numerical dissipation of kinetic energy and enstrophy at grid‐resolved scales. We test the new advection scheme against a standard approach that combines explicit dissipation with a dispersive discretization of the rotational advection operator in two scenarios: (a) two‐dimensional turbulence and (b) three‐dimensional baroclinic equilibration. In both cases, the solutions are stable, free from dispersive artifacts, and achieve increased “effective” resolution compared to other approaches commonly used in ocean models.

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Computational fluid dynamics: Its carbon footprint and role in carbon reduction

Yang,

Zhang,

Abkar

et al. 2024

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Turbulent flow physics regulates the aerodynamic properties of lifting surfaces, the thermodynamic efficiency of vapor power systems, and exchanges of natural and anthropogenic quantities between the atmosphere and ocean, to name just a few applications of contemporary importance. The space-time dynamics of turbulent flows are described via numerical integration of the non-linear Navier–Stokes equation—a procedure known as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). At the dawn of scientific computing in the late 1950s, it would be many decades before terms such as “carbon footprint” or “sustainability” entered the lexicon, and longer still before these themes attained national priority throughout advanced economies. The environmental cost associated with CFD is seldom considered. Yet, large-scale scientific computing relies on intensive cooling realized via external power generation that is primarily accomplished through the combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to carbon emissions. This paper introduces a framework designed to calculate the carbon footprint of CFD and its contribution to carbon emission reduction strategies. We will distinguish between “hero” and “routine” calculations, noting that the carbon footprint of hero calculations—which demand significant computing resources at top-tier data centers—is largely determined by the energy source mix utilized. We will also review CFD of flows where turbulence effects are modeled, thus reducing the degrees of freedom. Estimates of the carbon footprint are presented for such fully and partially resolved simulations as functions of turbulence activity and calculation year, demonstrating a reduction in carbon emissions by two to five orders of magnitude at practical conditions. Besides generating a carbon footprint, the community's effort to avoid redundant calculations via turbulence databases merits particular attention, with estimates indicating that a single database could potentially reduce CO2 emissions by approximately O(1) × 106 metric tons.

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A century-long eddy-resolving simulation of global oceanic large- and mesoscale state

Cited by 4 publications

References 108 publications

A new WENO-based momentum advection scheme for simulations of ocean mesoscale turbulence

A new WENO-based momentum advection scheme for simulations of ocean mesoscale turbulence

A New WENO‐Based Momentum Advection Scheme for Simulations of Ocean Mesoscale Turbulence

Computational fluid dynamics: Its carbon footprint and role in carbon reduction

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