2011
DOI: 10.1890/09-2103.1
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A century of increasing pine density and associated shifts in understory plant strategies

Abstract: Abstract. We analyzed one of the longest-term ecological data sets to evaluate how forest overstory structure is related to herbaceous understory plant strategies in a ponderosa pine forest. Eighty-two permanent 1-m 2 chart quadrats that were established as early as 1912 were remeasured in 2007. We reconstructed historical forest structure using dendrochronological techniques. Ponderosa pine basal area increased from an average of 4 m 2 /ha in the early 1900s to 29 m 2 /ha in 2007. Understory plant foliar cove… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Quadrats were located within a range of soil types developed in basalt ( n = 63), limestone ( n = 9) and limestone/sandstone ( n = 10) parent materials. These plots were originally established in the early 1900s as a study in range management and were recently used to understand how understorey plant strategies and functional diversity have changed over the past century (Laughlin, Moore & Fulé 2011). These plots are used here to understand the multivariate relationships between vegetation structure, soil properties and nitrification potential.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Quadrats were located within a range of soil types developed in basalt ( n = 63), limestone ( n = 9) and limestone/sandstone ( n = 10) parent materials. These plots were originally established in the early 1900s as a study in range management and were recently used to understand how understorey plant strategies and functional diversity have changed over the past century (Laughlin, Moore & Fulé 2011). These plots are used here to understand the multivariate relationships between vegetation structure, soil properties and nitrification potential.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These variables were measured as described in Bakker and Moore (2007) and Laughlin et al (2011). Percent sand content and elevation were constant over time while tree basal area (m 2 ha -1 ) increased during the study period.…”
Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elevation, soil physical (texture) properties, and tree basal area are good predictors of herbaceous understory community composition (Bakker and Moore, 2007;Laughlin and Abella, 2007) and trait distributions (Shipley et al, 2011;Laughlin et al, 2011). On the basis of R 2 values, the importance of excluding heavy grazing increased with time for CWM traits while the influence of covariates remained constant.…”
Section: Influence Of Covariatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Forests that historically burned frequently at low severity such as western USA dry pine and mixed conifer were particularly sensitive to fire exclusion. Reduced fire frequency in these forests increased forest density, shifted forest composition towards less fire tolerant species, reduced understory plant cover and species richness, and increased surface and aerial fuels (e.g., Sakulich and Taylor, 2007;Scholl and Taylor, 2010;Laughlin et al, 2011). These structural changes are thought to have increased the risk of insect and disease outbreaks and also high severity fire.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%