A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a Metabolic Regulator

Hypoprolactinemia is the least studied hormonal deficiency of the anterior pituitary gland. To date, most studies have been devoted to hyperprolactinemia, and there is practically no data on it in the Russian literature. The purpose of the review is to analyze current literature data on drug–induced hypoprolactinemia and its clinical consequences. The following keywords and their combinations in Russian and English were used for the search: “hypoprolactinemia”, “drug-induced hypoprolactinemia”, “pituitary gland”, “adenoma”, “prolactinoma”, “dopamine receptor agonists”, “antipsychotic drugs”. As a result of the selection, 82 studies were included in the review. Human prolactin is a multifunctional hormone that performs many tasks besides stimulating lactation. Unlike hyperprolactinemia, which is characterized by a clear clinical phenotype and the availability of treatment recommendations, the studies of hypoprolactinemia are relatively new. Modern ideas about the ideal level of prolactin in men and women remain incomplete. Drug-induced hypoprolactinemia is usually determined based on the lower limit of the reference values based on the results of tests and can be detected by various specialists, including endocrinologists, therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists. This problem opens up opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration. Patients with hypoprolactinemia need to be monitored for metabolic, cardiovascular, psychological and sexual disorders.

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Multiscale Light Field Microscopy Platform for Multi-purpose Dynamic Volumetric Bioimaging

Bai,

Jones,

Ojeda

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Light field microscopy (LFM) has emerged in recent years as a unique solution for fast, scan-free volumetric imaging of dynamic biological samples. This is achieved by using a microlens array in the detection path to record both the lateral and angular information of the light fields coming from the sample, capturing a 3-dimensional (3D) volume in a single 2-dimensional (2D) snapshot. In post-acquisition, the 3D sample volume is computationally reconstructed from the recorded 2D images, thus enabling unprecedented 3D capture speed, not limited by the typical constraint of physically scanning the focal plane over the sample volume. Up to date, most published LFM imaging setups have been specialized single-purpose platforms, optimized for a narrow performance window in field of view and resolution, thus hampering widespread adoption of LFM for biomedical research. Here, we present a versatile LFM platform for fast 3D imaging across multiple scales, enabling applications from cell to system-level biology on the same imaging setup. Our multiscale LFM is built as an add-on module to a conventional commercially available wide field microscope, and the various imaging applications, with different ranges of field of view and resolution, are achieved by simply switching between the standard microscope objectives available on the wide field microscope. Additionally, we provide an open-source end-to-end software package for calculating the system performance parameters, processing the experimentally measured point spread function, and light field 3D image reconstruction. We demonstrate the performance of our multiscale LFM platform through imaging the whole-brain activity map of seizures in larval zebrafish, calcium dynamics in ex vivo mouse pancreatic islets, and subcellular protein dynamics in cultured cells.

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A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a Metabolic Regulator

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

Drug induced hypoprolactinemia

Drug induced hypoprolactinemia

The current state of the issue of drug-induced hypoprolactinemia

Multiscale Light Field Microscopy Platform for Multi-purpose Dynamic Volumetric Bioimaging

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