A (CERN) History of Accelerator Shielding

Abstract

This paper provides an historical overview of accelerator shielding of accelerator shielding studies at CERN. CERN accelerators and the related shielding problems span 50 years of history and cover all major aspects which can be encountered in accelerator radiation protection. Namely: various accelerated particles (electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, heavy ions), a wide range of energies, from a few MeV/u of the present ion injector linac to the 7 TeV of the Large Hadron Collider now coming into operation, several types of primary and secondary beams (including pions, muons and neutrinos), beam intensities, and type of accelerators, from the 600 MeV synchrocyclotron of the mid-fifties to proton and ion linacs, synchrotrons providing extracted beams for fixed-target physics (the PS booster, the PS and the SPS), an electron-positron collider (LEP), proton-proton colliders (the ISR and the LHC) as well as a proton synchrotron converted into a collider (the SPS in the mid-eighties). CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 27 May 2008 O R G A N I S A T I O N E U R O P E E N N E P O U R L A R E C H E R C H E N U C L E A I R E E U R O P E A N O R G A N I Z A T I O N F O R N U C L E A R R E S E A R C H L a b o r a t o i r e E u r o p é e n p o u r l a P h y s i q u e d e s P a r t i c u l e s E u r o p e a n L a b o r a t o r y f o r P a r t i c l e P h y s i c s 2 A (CERN) HISTORY OF ACCELERATOR SHIELDING

Universities as Social Background in “Trading Zone” Creation

“…This is evidenced by interdisciplinary projects of big science, successfully solving problems in various fields, such as CERN, ITER, Fermilab, and others. At the same time, participants in similar projects interact with scientists from other laboratories and countries (Pronskikh 2016; Silari 2009).…”