A CFD modeling system for airflow and heat transfer in ventilated packaging for fresh foods:

Zhou, Qian; Opara, Umezuruike Linus; McKibbin, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.08.043

Cited by 78 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To address these questions regarding produce cooling behaviour in refrigerated containers, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a more appropriate tool and nicely complements basic calculations and experiments. CFD has been applied extensively within a FAC context Dehghannya et al, 2012Dehghannya et al, , 2011Dehghannya et al, , 2010Delele et al, 2013aDelele et al, , 2013bFerrua and Singh, 2011, 2009a, 2009bSmale et al, 2006;Verboven et al, 2006;Zou et al, 2006aZou et al, , 2006b, but only to a very limited extent for cooling during transport (James et al, 2006;Moureh and Flick, 2004;Moureh et al, 2009Moureh et al, , 2002Tapsoba et al, 2007Tapsoba et al, , 2006, predominantly for refrigerated vehicles.…”

Section: Side Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Defraeye

Cronjé

Verboven

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Defraeye T., Cronjé P., Verboven P., Opara U.L., , Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics, Postharvest Biology and Technology 108, 91-101. AbstractA promising cold-chain protocol is explored as an alternative to the commonly-used forced-air pre-cooling (FAC) of citrus fruit prior to shipping: ambient loading of fruit in reefer containers for cooling during long-haul marine transport. Despite the multiple logistical and economical savings it provides, the potential of "ambient loading" of fruit in reefer containers has been left largely unexplored. The present study targets this aspect, but also cooling by vertical airflow in general. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to identify differences in cooling rate and uniformity between individual boxes at different heights on a pallet and between individual fruit within a single box. Simulations show that low airflow rates, typical for refrigerated containers, do not only induce slower fruit cooling, compared to FAC airflow rates, but also the cooling heterogeneity between different layers of boxes (in height) and between individual fruit in a single box is larger. In addition, the presence of gaps between pallets invokes airflow short-circuiting, leading to highly reduced fruit cooling rates. Finally, strategies for future improvement of the ambient loading protocol are proposed, which in the first place should target faster and more uniform cooling. Keywordscomputational fluid dynamics; package design; cold chain; airflow short-circuits; vent holes; convective transfer Defraeye T., Cronjé P., Verboven P., Opara U.L., , Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics, Postharvest Biology and Technology 108, 91-101.http://dx

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Section: Side Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Defraeye

Cronjé

Verboven

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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“…Ben Amara et al [24] proposed an empirical model of convective heat transfer as a function of velocity in a stack of spheres without considering the vent effect. Zou et al [25,26] developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling system for airflow and heat transfer in ventilated packages. However, the effects of different percent vent areas and their positions were not considered in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Aerodynamic and Thermal Analysis during Cooling of Stacked Spheres inside Ventilated Packages

2008

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Aerodynamic and thermal analysis during forced convection cooling of produce was conducted by modeling coupled airflow and heat transfer. Air velocities and heterogeneity indexes were predicted for different configurations of package openings at an airflow rate of 0.022 m 3 /s. Predicted temperature profiles were compared with experimental data for model validation. Good agreement between model prediction and measured data was obtained. The results showed that airflow distribution during the process was not homogeneous. More uniform airflow distribution was obtained by increasing the vent area from 2.4 to 12.1 %. The highest cooling heterogeneity index (108 %) was recorded at 2.4 % vent area whereas the lowest heterogeneity index (0 %) was detected in a package with 12.1 % vent area. Proper package vent design is necessary to provide more uniform cooling operation during the forced convection cooling process.

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“…Zou et al (2006) set the inlet velocity (U) at 0.9 m/s in CFD analysis of forced ventilation in a packaging container for apples. Referring to their report, we set U at 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 m/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying this method to spatial airflow analysis in packaging containers for fruit and vegetables, efficiencies of ventilation and pre-cooling in packaging containers may be improved without having to prepare physical prototypes. Hence, there have been several reports on CFD analysis of changes in the airflow and/or temperature in packaging containers for fruits such as apples (Zou et al, 2006;Zou and Opera, 2007) and strawberries (Ferrua and Singh, 2009a;Ferrua and Singh, 2009b;Ferrua and Singh, 2009c;Ferrua and Singh, 2009d;Ferrua and Singh, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Flow Visualization for Fresh Produce Packaging by CFD Analysis

Kitazawa

Funaki²,

Nakao

et al. 2012

FSTR

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The purpose of this study was to clarify airflow in packaging containers with ventilation for fruit and vegetables and propose a favorable package shape for efficient ventilation. Here we investigated the influences of differences in the inlet air velocity through the ventilation port and diameter of the port on the air velocity distribution in a 1-layer packaging system container for strawberries employing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. It was suggested that the air velocity increases with a rise in the inlet air velocity or ventilation port size, i.e., the volumetric flow rate, but there were regions in which airflow could be hardly generated under any inlet condition. The results suggest that elimination of these regions is a key factor in developing a packaging container with a favorable shape for ventilation efficiency.Keywords: air flow, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), packaging *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ktz@affrc.go.jp IntroductionIt is generally desirable to cool fruit and vegetables as soon as possible after harvest to prevent quality degradation (i.e., reductions of the quality of product appearance and hardness caused by physical damage) during distribution (Robbins and Moore, 1992;Maezawa and Akimoto, 1995). Pre-cooling of fruit and vegetables aims to achieve this, but it is sometimes performed for fruit and vegetables packed in packaging containers, for which the packaging container is required to have a function to maintain a homogenous airflow in the container. Preparation of containers with various shapes and repeating tests to identify the optimum shape meeting these conditions requires much time and labor. Moreover, it is difficult to measure the airflow velocity in a closed, narrow space.Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is a method to analyze fluid behavior in a space. CFD has been used in various fields including meteorology (Flaherty et al., 2006;Hanna et al., 2006), architecture (Awbi, 1989;Tominaga et al., 2002;Ota and Kondo, 2009), automobile engineering (Takagi, 1990;Fu et al., 2009), and biophysics (Kozu et al., 2010). It has recently been increasingly used for simulation of the air velocity and temperature distributions in greenhouses (Kacira et al., 1998;Kim et al., 2007) in the agriculture field and applications in the food processing field (Scott and Richardson, 1999, Hu andSun, 2000;Boulet et al., 2010; Mondal and Datta, 2010), and the analysis is highly consistent with actual measurement. Applying this method to spatial airflow analysis in packaging containers for fruit and vegetables, efficiencies of ventilation and pre-cooling in packaging containers may be improved without having to prepare physical prototypes. Hence, there have been several reports on CFD analysis of changes in the airflow and/or temperature in packaging containers for fruits such as apples (Zou et al., 2006;Zou and Opera, 2007) and strawberries (Ferrua and Singh, 2009a;Ferrua and Singh, 2009b;Ferrua and Singh, 2009c;Ferrua and Singh, 2009d;Ferrua and Singh, 2011...

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A CFD modeling system for airflow and heat transfer in ventilated packaging for fresh foods:

Cited by 78 publications

References 2 publications

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Exploring ambient loading of citrus fruit into reefer containers for cooling during marine transport using computational fluid dynamics

Simultaneous Aerodynamic and Thermal Analysis during Cooling of Stacked Spheres inside Ventilated Packages

Air Flow Visualization for Fresh Produce Packaging by CFD Analysis

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