Articles you may be interested inIn situ high temperature magnetic force microscope analysis of thermal stability in the granular-type FePt-MgO double-layered perpendicular recording mediaThe micromagnetization mode of double-layered ͑DL͒ perpendicular magnetic recording ͑PMR͒ media, as well as the single-layered one, was investigated by a magnetic force microscopy ͑MFM͒ in order to clarify the origin of their recording characteristics. The DL media were flexible disks consisting of a CoNiReP PMR layer and a CoB ͑soft magnetic͒ or CoNiP ͑hard magnetic͒ underlayer, which were recorded using a ring-type head. Due to the variation in the underlayer characteristics, a clear difference in the stray field gradient at the transition region of the recorded magnetization was observed for the first time, which proved the validity of the presumed model for their magnetization mode. Such a direct analysis of the micromagnetization mode is possible only by MFM, and this technique is considered to be indispensable for optimizing the total design of PMR systems.