“…These optimization steps constitute a process usually known as inverse planning optimization. Some examples of different mathematical models and optimization algorithms used can be found in ( Dursun, Ta ¸s kın & Altınel, 2019 ;Lim, Kardar, Ebrahimi & Cao, 2020 ;Lin, Lim & Bard, 2016 ;Rocha, Dias, Ferreira & Lopes, 2013a, 2013bZaghian, Lim & Khabazian, 2018 ). The planner must try different parameters, in a trial-and-error and time-consuming process, since different parameters will originate different treatment plans, with different characteristics and presenting different com promises between existing objectives.…”