A change in social activity affect cognitive function in middle‐aged and older Koreans: analysis of a Korean longitudinal study on aging (2006–2012)

Choi, Young Chul; Park, Sohee; Cho, Kyoung Hee; Chun, Sang Sik

doi:10.1002/gps.4408

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…These results suggested that continued participation in social activities was associated with decreased risk of cognitive function decline. This is consistent with ndings on the associations between social participation and cognitive function (44,45). A previous longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults and older adults suggested that maintaining many social activities may help prevent and delay cognitive function (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is consistent with ndings on the associations between social participation and cognitive function (44,45). A previous longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults and older adults suggested that maintaining many social activities may help prevent and delay cognitive function (44). A Taiwanese cohort study also showed that participating in more social activities reduces the risk of cognitive impairment (46).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Patterns and risk factors of cognitive decline among community-dwelling Korean older adults: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2016)

Shin¹,

Cho²

2020

Preprint

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Background Dementia prevalence is increasing worldwide, and thus, the global impact of cognitive impairment and dementia has become a priority public health issue. This study aimed to assess the patterns of and risk factors for cognitive decline over time in community-dwelling Korean adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Older adults with normal cognitive function at baseline in 2006 were evaluated, and changes in their cognitive function were followed over time. The data were obtained from the 2006–2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cognitive function in 2016 was classified based on the Korean-Mini-Mental State Examination score as normal, mild dementia, and moderate and severe dementia. The t-test, ANOVA, and linear mixed models were used to analyse the patterns and risk factors f cognitive decline over time. Results Of the 1,262 participants examined, 752 maintained normal cognitive function, 267 older adults showed a change from normal cognitive function to mild dementia, and 243 older adults showed a decline from normal cognitive function to moderate and severe dementia between 2006 and 2016. There were significant differences in cognitive function over time among the three groups, and these were influenced by age, gender, education level, religion, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, regular exercise, number of meetings with friends, and depression. The differences have gradually increased over 10 years. Conclusions This study identified the patterns of cognitive decline over time and important factors related to cognitive decline. Individualised interventions such as improving physical function through regular exercise, increasing social activity, and managing depression by early detection and treatment may contribute to maintain cognitive function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Patterns and risk factors of cognitive decline among community-dwelling Korean older adults: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2016)

Shin¹,

Cho²

2020

Preprint

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“…Substantial research has explored the risks and protective factors of cognitive impairment. Based on previous studies, the following are all closely associated with cognitive impairment: sociodemographic variables such as age, education, and marital status 3,4 ; physical conditions and diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders [4][5][6] ; health-related behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise 7,8 ; physical function 9,10 ; and social participation involving, for example, social gatherings, religious activities, and volunteer work. 11,12 As individuals age, the risk of physiological diseases increases, and such diseases and conditions that are common among the elderly, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke, may be associated with cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between health‐related factors, physical and mental diseases, social activities, and cognitive function in elderly Koreans: a population‐based cross‐sectional study

Bae

2020

Psychogeriatrics

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to verify the association of cognitive function with health-related variables, diseases, and social activities. Methods: Data from the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. The participants of that study were 5678 adults aged 60 years or older living in 17 major Korean regions nationwide. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that gender, age, education, marital status, depressive symptoms, body mass index, regular exercise, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, hand grip strength, and social activities were all significantly associated with cognitive function in elderly Koreans. However, socioeconomic status, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, attendance at school reunions, volunteer work, and participation in political or civic organizations had no impact on cognitive function. First, the results indicated that men had better cognitive function than women; likewise, married individuals and those with a higher level of education also had better cognitive function. As age increased, cognitive function declined. Second, higher body mass index was related to poorer cognitive function, whereas regular exercise was positively associated with better cognitive function. In addition, higher activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scores were associated with poorer cognitive function. Third, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with cognitive function. Finally, religious activities, social activities, and participation in leisure activities, cultural events, and sports were associated with better cognitive functioning. The possibility of reverse association exists between some of the variables (e.g. religious activity and cognitive function), and it is necessary to verify this possibility through a longitudinal study. The biggest limitation is that this is a cross-sectional study, which made it unfeasible to investigate the causal pathways. Conclusions: This study suggests that regularly exercising and attending social activities each help to improve cognitive function in the elderly.

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“…An aged society, where the percentage of the aged population is 14% of the total population, will start in 2018; and a super aged society, where the percentage of aging people is 20% of entire population, will begin in 2026 . The population aged >65 years will increase to 12.7 million (24.3% of the entire population) in 2030, and they will account for 37% of the total population in 2050 . This rapid growth of the elderly population leads to increased medical costs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The population aged >65 years will increase to 12.7 million (24.3% of the entire population) in 2030, and they will account for 37% of the total population in 2050. 2 This rapid growth of the elderly population leads to increased medical costs. 3 Elderly health insurance expenditure per capita was KRW3.3 million in 2015, and the expense size is 2.9-fold compared with the total health insurance expenditure per capita, which is KRW1.2 million.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does long‐term care insurance reduce the burden of medical costs? A retrospective elderly cohort study

Choi

Lee

Park

et al. 2018

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim To examine whether long‐term care insurance (LTCI) reduces medical utilization and the burden of medical costs of beneficiaries. Methods The elderly cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service during 2005–2013 was used. The participants were 3029 beneficiaries who received consecutive LTCI services. We carried out a 1:3 case–control match on the propensity score to select a comparison group, and the final participants were 12 116 people, including 9087 who formed the control group. The dependent variables were semi‐annually measured medical utilizations (inpatient, outpatient and drug prescription) and the burden of medical costs at the individual level. This study applied the method of generalized estimating equations to the data. Results The present study showed that the number of hospitalizations of beneficiaries significantly decreased compared with non‐beneficiaries (ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.95–0.96). Similarly, the length of stay of beneficiaries also showed a significant reduction compared with non‐beneficiaries (ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.73–0.79). The number of outpatient visits and receipt of drug prescriptions of beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries increased marginally. The burden of medical costs of beneficiaries reduced considerably compared with non‐beneficiaries (ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.83). Conclusions The study results show that the burden of medical costs for LTCI beneficiaries were significantly reduced compared with non‐beneficiaries, despite the rise in medical costs among older adults. The positive effect of LTCI supports continuous implementation and expansion of the LTCI service for non‐beneficiaries who require care assistance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1641–1646.

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A change in social activity affect cognitive function in middle‐aged and older Koreans: analysis of a Korean longitudinal study on aging (2006–2012)

Abstract: Promotion of participation in religious organizations, friendship organizations, and family/school reunions (only for older persons) may help preserve cognitive function in individuals aged 45 years or older in Korea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Patterns and risk factors of cognitive decline among community-dwelling Korean older adults: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2016)

Patterns and risk factors of cognitive decline among community-dwelling Korean older adults: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2016)

The association between health‐related factors, physical and mental diseases, social activities, and cognitive function in elderly Koreans: a population‐based cross‐sectional study

Does long‐term care insurance reduce the burden of medical costs? A retrospective elderly cohort study

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