A Characterisation Study on Modern Bronze Sculpture: The Artistic Patinas of Nado Canuti

Crippa, Mila; Bongiorno, Valeria; Piccardo, Paolo; Carnasciali, M. M.

doi:10.1080/00393630.2018.1492253

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous analyses of Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb and Cu-Sn-Zn bronze under atmospheric environmental conditions revealed a mixture of cuprite and cassiterite (SnO 2 ) in a reddish-brown patina formed on the base metal [26][27][28][29]. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish cuprite and cassiterite through XRD and Raman analysis [30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brochantite crystals generally form an aggregate by growing from the location where the nucleus forms. In particular, a stagnant aqueous film is generated after rain, and the patina crystals are strengthened owing to the evaporation of moisture [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Therefore, if the rain continues, brochantite formation on the bronze surface is restrained, and light-green or striped spots can be observed on the parts of a sculpture that have been washed away by rain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Behaviors of Outdoor Bronze Sculptures in an Urban–Industrial Environment: Corrosion Experiment on Artificial Sulfide Patina

Kwon¹,

Cho

2023

Metals

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Copper alloys interact with air pollutants to form corrosion products and, consequently, a patina on outdoor bronze sculptures. In this study, corrosion experiments were conducted to clarify the corrosion behaviors of artificial sulfide patina in an urban–industrial environment on a quaternary bronze alloy (Cu–Zn–Sn–Pb) with a composition and metallurgical properties similar to those of outdoor bronze sculptures. The correlation between the chromaticity and reflectance of the patina revealed increasing brochantite with the corrosion of the patina and an association between the chromaticity a* and patina growth. Cuprite and brochantite were distinguished, and the point at which brochantite covered the patina surface was determined. The quantitative changes in brochantite were mainly influenced by physical causes such as the crystal size and patina layer thickness as well as by Cu2+ ions working as color formation ions moving to the outermost layer. Atmospheric corrosion of the alloy resulted in reduced Cu and Zn contents and increased Sn and Pb contents. The patina consisted of brochantite in the outermost layer and cuprite and cassiterite in the inner layers. These findings should clarify corrosion characteristics such as the surface color, composition, and changes in corrosion products of outdoor bronze sculptures and contribute toward their preservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behaviors of Outdoor Bronze Sculptures in an Urban–Industrial Environment: Corrosion Experiment on Artificial Sulfide Patina

Kwon¹,

Cho

2023

Metals

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“…Because of the similar face spacings (d-values) in the crystallographic data of paratacamite and clinoatacamite, it was difficult to accurately identify the two corrosion products using XRD [31]. Furthermore, because many outdoor bronze sculptures contain large amounts of zinc, some of the reports on paratacamite may be accurate, and they may coexist with clinoatacamite as a corrosion product in mineral form [2].…”

Section: Analysis Of Products By Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patina of outdoor bronze sculptures is considered a "passivation" layer, acting as a protective barrier from the atmospheric environment; however, other corrosion products are "activation" agents and are harmful to bronze sculptures [1]. The most well-known active corrosive agents are pitting corrosion and "bronze diseases", that is, copper trihydroxychlorides (Cu 2 Cl(OH 3 )), such as atacamite, paratacamite, and clinoatacamite [2]. Nantokite protects the inside of pitting by preventing diffusion of oxygen and the formation of the protective patina cuprite [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behaviors of Artificial Chloride Patina for Studying Bronze Sculpture Corrosion in Marine Environments

Kwon

2023

Coatings

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Copper trihydroxychlorides, which are known as “bronze disease”, are dangerous corrosion products that compromise the stability and conservation of bronze sculptures. Here, we performed artificial patina corrosion experiments on quaternary bronze (Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb) to examine the corrosion behavior of the chloride patina commonly found in bronze objects in marine environments. The chromaticity and reflectance of the patina in the context of the corrosion products indicate that copper trihydroxychloride, which is commonly found in a single color in marine environments, was produced early in the corrosion experiment. Furthermore, the corrosion of bronze had different effects on the alloying elements, contrary to pure copper corrosion. The chloride patina formed a single patina layer of copper trihydroxychlorides. This patina layer was divided into the outer porous powder and inner uniform layers. Furthermore, the interaction of oxygen in the atmosphere with the corrosion layer and internal oxidation of tin in the alloy promoted powdering. These results provide important basic data for research on sculpture conservation and corrosion characteristics, such as changes in color, chemical composition, and corrosion products on the patina surfaces of outdoor bronze sculptures.

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“…Various nonlinear data processing technologies are used to predict various landscape indexes based on the landscape pattern dynamic model of RS (remote sensing) and GIS (geographic information system) and landscape ecology as the theoretical basis. e surface is reconstructed from an undirected point set using a distance field isosurface extraction algorithm proposed in [19]. Because this nonlinear algorithm includes a complicated normal consistency check and isosurface extraction process, the model reconstruction process takes a long time.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction between Public Environmental Art Sculpture and Environment Based on the Analysis of Spatial Environment Characteristics

Wang

2022

Scientific Programming

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The interaction with the public and the coordinated change with the environment are more important in public environmental art sculpture. To be more accessible to the public, public environmental art sculptures should be integrated with the environment and interact with the public. Paying close attention to the scale and volume design of sculpture is one of the elements that embody and express the connotation of works, as well as one of the objects that sculpture, as a member of environmental elements, must study and analyze thoroughly. Based on this, this paper investigates the relationship between sculpture and environment in public environmental art through an examination of space environment characteristics, with the goal of creating a public space environment in which public art sculpture, the environment, and people are all in sync. The improved AFSA (artificial fish swarms algorithm) model is used to optimize the landscape ecological pattern. The landscape index can be predicted and analyzed more accurately using a dynamic model of landscape pattern from remote sensing and a geographic information system. Experiments show that this algorithm's prediction accuracy has significantly improved, providing a solid foundation for landscape ecological management and planning.

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A Characterisation Study on Modern Bronze Sculpture: The Artistic Patinas of Nado Canuti

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Corrosion Behaviors of Outdoor Bronze Sculptures in an Urban–Industrial Environment: Corrosion Experiment on Artificial Sulfide Patina

Corrosion Behaviors of Outdoor Bronze Sculptures in an Urban–Industrial Environment: Corrosion Experiment on Artificial Sulfide Patina

Corrosion Behaviors of Artificial Chloride Patina for Studying Bronze Sculpture Corrosion in Marine Environments

The Interaction between Public Environmental Art Sculpture and Environment Based on the Analysis of Spatial Environment Characteristics

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