A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation

Meader, Nick; King, Kristel; Llewellyn, Alexis; Norman, Gill; Brown, Jennifer Valeska Elli; Rodgers, Mark; Moe‐Byrne, Thirimon; Higgins, Julian P T; Sowden, Amanda; Stewart, Gavin

doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-82

Cited by 451 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Otherwise, the trial was considered to be at a moderate risk of bias. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach [20]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Sleep complaints are reported by 40–60 % of menopausal women. Poor sleep is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. The effect of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on self-reported sleep quality. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews CENTRAL, and Psyclnfo) were searched from 2002 to October 2015. Randomized trials assessing the effect of menopausal hormone therapy with a minimum follow up of 8 weeks were included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently and in duplicate. Primary outcome included sleep items within a questionnaire, scale or diary. Standardized mean differences across trials were pooled using random-effects models. The search identified 424 articles, from which 42 trials were included. Seven trials at a moderate to high risk of bias enrolling 15,468 women were pooled in meta-analysis. Menopausal hormone therapy improved sleep quality in women who had vasomotor symptoms at baseline [standardized mean difference −0. 54 (−0. 91 to −0. 18), moderate quality evidence]. No difference was noted when women without such symptoms were analyzed separately or combined. Across 31 sleep quality questionnaires, daytime dysfunction was the most evaluated sleep domain. Menopausal hormone therapy improves sleep in women with concomitant vasomotor symptoms. Heterogeneity of trials regarding study population, formulations, and sleep scales; limit overall certainty in the evidence. Future menopausal hormone therapy trials should include assessment of self-reported sleep quality using standardized scales and adhere to reporting guidelines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…For mixed methods studies, critical appraisal was conducted for each separate method. No studies were excluded based on the critical appraisal, with the findings being taken into account during the analysis when assessing the overall strength of evidence as part the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) analysis (Meader et al 2014). The GRADE framework was also used to provide an overview of the strength of evidence and was again adapted to enable the inclusion of qualitative research (Stewart et al 2015).…”

Section: Critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Public Attitudes, Perceptions and Behaviours Towards Production Diseases Associated with Farm Animal Welfare

Clark¹,

Stewart²,

Panzone³

et al. 2016

J Agric Environ Ethics

280

282

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Increased productivity may have negative impacts on farm animal welfare (FAW) in modern animal production systems. Efficiency gains in production are primarily thought to be due to the intensification of production, and this has been associated with an increased incidence of production diseases, which can negatively impact upon FAW. While there is a considerable body of research into consumer attitudes towards FAW, the extent to which this relates specifically to a reduction in production diseases in intensive systems, and whether the increased incidence of diseases represents a barrier to consumer acceptance of their increased use, requires further investigation. Therefore a systematic review of public attitudes towards FAW was conducted, with a specific focus on production diseases in intensive systems. Four databases were searched to identify relevant studies. A screening process, using a set of pre-determined inclusion criteria, identified 80 studies, with the strength of evidence and uncertainty assessed for each. A thematic analysis led to the identification of 6 overarching themes constructed from 15 subthemes. The results demonstrate that the public are concerned about FAW in modern production systems. Concern varied in relation to age, gender, education and familiarity with farming. Naturalness and humane treatment were central to what was considered good welfare. An evidence gap was highlighted in relation to attitudes towards specific production diseases, with no studies specifically addressing this. However, the prophylactic use of antibiotics was identified as a concern. A number of dissonance strategies were adopted by consumers to enable guilt free meat consumption.

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“…The critical appraisal score was based on the assessment of a number of quality criteria that had the potential to impact on the results of the study; the WTP method used, the economic model used, the sample population and the sampling technique for each study. No studies were excluded based on the critical appraisal, with the findings being taken into account during the evidence synthesis when assessing the overall strength of evidence as part of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) analysis [40]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Formal Evidence Synthesis in Food Policy: A Case Study of Willingness-to-Pay

Clark

Frewer

Panzone

et al. 2017

Animals

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Simple SummaryMeta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine results of different studies on the same topic. These methods are gaining increasing popularity in the field of consumer behaviour; however, the issue of publication bias, which is the tendency for the study outcome to influence whether the research is published or not, has received little attention in this field. This research, therefore, looked to explore publication bias in willingness-to-pay, using the example of willingness-to-pay for farm animal welfare. A systematic search of four online databases led to the inclusion of 54 studies for analysis. Publication bias was assessed by using four different tests. The results indicate that publication bias is present in the literature, with willingness-to-pay for farm animal welfare being overestimated as a result. Given the use of willingness-to-pay in policy, stakeholders should ensure that results of meta-analysis are assessed for publication bias.AbstractMeta-analysis is increasingly utilised in the understanding of consumer behaviour, including in relation to farm animal welfare. However, the issue of publication bias has received little attention. As willingness-to-pay (WTP) is widely used in policy, it is important to explore publication bias. This research aimed to evaluate publication bias in WTP, specifically public WTP for farm animal welfare. A systematic review of four databases yielded 54 studies for random effects meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test, rank test, contour-enhanced funnel plots, and the Vevea and Hedges weight-function model. Results consistently indicated the presence of publication bias, highlighting an overestimation of WTP for farm animal welfare. Stakeholders should be wary of WTP estimates that have not been critically evaluated for publication bias.

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A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation

Cited by 451 publications

References 47 publications

Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality: systematic review and meta-analysis

A Systematic Review of Public Attitudes, Perceptions and Behaviours Towards Production Diseases Associated with Farm Animal Welfare

The Need for Formal Evidence Synthesis in Food Policy: A Case Study of Willingness-to-Pay

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