A checklist of the native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): New information on the species present, their ecology, status and distribution<sup>1</sup>

Broughton, David A.; McAdam, J.

doi:10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[115:acotnv]2.0.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A second challenge to the wider reintroduction of native species for revegetation in the Falkland Islands is livestock grazing. Extensive soil erosion on the islands can be attributed to over grazing (Wilson et al ) with many of the native species used in this trial having been largely “grazed out” of the archipelago's mainlands (Strange et al ; Broughton & McAdam ). In our study, in order to revegetate soil we excluded livestock and there is a strong likelihood that without fencing many of our native species would be intensely grazed thereby hindering revegetation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the quantity of seeds required to revegetate Falkland grasslands could potentially be significantly reduced. We sowed seeds at densities of 200 seeds per species m −2 , yet many of the successful species form large tussocks (Moore 1968;Broughton & McAdam 2005). For example, individual P. flabellata tussocks can reach sizes of 1.5 m 2 area and 3 m tall (Gunn 1976;Smith & Karlsson 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human land use, mainly livestock rearing and land clearance, has reduced and removed vegetation cover leading to the extensive soil erosion across the islands (Davies 1939;Wilson et al 1993). The majority of our revegetation sites were surrounded by grazing-tolerant native species that dominate the islands, namely tussock-forming grass Cortaderia pilosa (Whitegrass) and dwarf-shrub species Empetrum ruburum (Diddle-dee) and Baccharis magellanica (Christmas bush) (Broughton & McAdam 2005). These native species are often intermixed with non-native species introduced to "improve" pastures, notably grasses Agrostis capillaris (Bent grasses), Festuca rubra (Red fescue), and Holcus lantanus (Yorkshire fog) and forb Rumex acetosella (Sheep sorrel) (Davies 1939;Broughton & McAdam 2005).…”

Section: Site Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Smith

Ross

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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Remote island ecosystems are vulnerable to human disturbance and habitat destruction, yet they often have limited capacity to revegetate degraded habitats, especially with native species. To revegetate degraded island habitats, practitioners often rely on importing non‐native species, thereby increasing the number of introduced species on islands. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of sowing wild collected native seeds and locally sourced treatments for revegetating different eroded soil types (clay, peat, and sand) across the Falkland Islands. A seed mixture of 15 native species was sown with different supportive treatments (sheep dung, sheep dags [woolly off‐cuts], and geotextile matting [coir]) and their combinations. After 1 year, native seeds provided up to 70% plant cover and accrued 1.98 kg/m2 in biomass. Three key native species Elymus magellanicus, Poa flabellata, and Poa alopecurus occurred in 64, 50, and 50% of all sown plots. However, supportive treatments equally facilitated the colonization and establishment of non‐native species. At the same time, there was no difference in native plant cover and biomass across different treatments or soil types, although in the absence of supportive treatments there was little to no revegetation. Thus, locally sourced treatments (i.e. sheep dung and dags) may provide an equally effective but low‐cost alternative to imported treatments (i.e. geotextiles). We further discuss challenges of integrating revegetation using native seeds and livestock grazing on the Falkland Islands. Our study demonstrates that native species and local treatments can provide a rapid approach to revegetating degraded island habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Smith

Ross

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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“…The general distributional uniformity of the weevil species from the Falkland Islands biogeographical province, previously noted by Voisin (1987), does not permit recognition of further biogeographical units within the province. Plant species show the same uniformity (Moore, 1968;Broughton & McAdam, 2005). South Georgia Island has several species in common with the Falklands (Darlington, 1970;Steel, 1970;Ernsting et al, 1995;Pugh, 2004) and may be recognized as a distinct district within the Falkland Islands province, based on the presence of several endemic taxa (Gressitt, 1970;Robinson, 1984;Erséus & Grimm, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island evolutionary biogeography: analysis of the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Morrone¹

2011

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim I analysed distributional and phylogenetic information on weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Falklands, and integrated it with molecular, palaeontological and geological information to infer a geobiotic scenario. Location Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas).Methods The panbiogeographical analysis was based on data on 23 Falkland species and their related taxa from southern South America. For the cladistic biogeographical analysis I analysed six weevil taxa for which phylogenetic hypotheses are available (the generic groups Cylydrorhinus, Strangaliodes and Falklandius, and the genera Antarctobius, Germainiellus and Puranius). Results from this analysis were compared with previous regionalizations. Cenocrons (sets of taxa that share the same biogeographical history) were identified by considering temporal information provided by fossils and molecular clocks. Finally, a geobiotic scenario was proposed by integrating the available information.

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“…Due to its position between the Antarctic and South American continents, the Falkland Islands contain plant species at the eastern and southern limits of their distribution, therefore likely to include climate change indicator species and unique genetic variation which is important to conserve in the face of changing climates and other threats [10, 11, 12]. Six endemic species are globally threatened, one near threatened and nationally, 22% (39 species) of the native vascular flora is at risk of extinction [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Native Plant Distributions in the Falkland Islands

et al. 2016

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The Falkland Islands are predicted to experience up to 2.2°C rise in mean annual temperature over the coming century, greater than four times the rate over the last century. Our study investigates likely vulnerabilities of a suite of range-restricted species whose distributions are associated with archipelago-wide climatic variation. We used present day climate maps calibrated using local weather data, 2020–2080 climate predictions from regional climate models, non-climate variables derived from a digital terrain model and a comprehensive database on local plant distributions. Weighted mean ensemble models were produced to assess changes in range sizes and overlaps between the current range and protected areas network. Target species included three globally threatened Falkland endemics, Nassauvia falklandica, Nastanthus falklandicus and Plantago moorei; and two nationally threatened species, Acaena antarctica and Blechnum cordatum. Our research demonstrates that temperature increases predicted for the next century have the potential to significantly alter plant distributions across the Falklands. Upland species, in particular, were found to be highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. No known locations of target upland species or the southwestern species Plantago moorei are predicted to remain environmentally suitable in the face of predicted climate change. We identify potential refugia for these species and associated gaps in the current protected areas network. Species currently restricted to the milder western parts of the archipelago are broadly predicted to expand their ranges under warmer temperatures. Our results emphasise the importance of implementing suitable adaptation strategies to offset climate change impacts, particularly site management. There is an urgent need for long-term monitoring and artificial warming experiments; the results of this study will inform the selection of the most suitable locations for these. Results are also helping inform management recommendations for the Falkland Islands Government who seek to better conserve their biodiversity and meet commitments to multi-lateral environmental agreements.

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A checklist of the native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): New information on the species present, their ecology, status and distribution¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Island evolutionary biogeography: analysis of the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Native Plant Distributions in the Falkland Islands

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A checklist of the native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): New information on the species present, their ecology, status and distribution1

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Going native, going local: revegetating eroded soils on the Falkland Islands using native seeds and farmland waste

Island evolutionary biogeography: analysis of the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Native Plant Distributions in the Falkland Islands

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A checklist of the native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): New information on the species present, their ecology, status and distribution¹