A chemically modulated polystyrene surface for homogeneously aligned liquid crystals using various ion beam exposure angles

Homogeneous liquid crystal alignment on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) films subjected to ion-beam irradiation

“…[18] However, IB techniques provide new opportunities because they can overcome the problems facing conventional rubbing methods and allow thin films to be applied indiscriminately as LC alignment layers with functional surface modification. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Much of the effort related to the development of the IB technique has been devoted to controlling the alignment of LC molecules using organic/inorganic materials such as polyimide, [12] polystyrene, [13] polydimethylsiloxane, [14] SiO x , [15] Al 2 O 3 [16] and SnO 2 . [17] In this paper, the surface modification of ferroelectric polymers using IB is described.…”

“…Various methods are used for LC alignment, including rubbed or photoaligned polymer films, [1][2][3][4][5] evaporated oxides, [6][7][8] selfassembled monolayers [9] and ion-beam (IB)-irradiated organic/inorganic films. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Mechanical rubbing has been widely used to provide topographical microgrooves that enable uniaxial LC alignment. However, the rubbing method has several problems, including electrostatic charges, debris and mechanical stress, which produce local defects and streaks, thereby resulting in degradation of the display resolution.…”

Effect of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Film Concentration and Alignment Method upon Liquid Crystal Alignment

“…10,11 For these reasons, non-contact alternative methods of LC alignment have been investigated such as oblique deposition, 7,8 ultraviolet (UV) photoalignment, 2,[23][24][25] nanoimprint lithography, 26 and ion beam (IB) irradiation. 5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Among these alignment methods, IB irradiation can selectively destroy chemical bonding at the alignment film surface, inducing anisotropy.…”