A chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer strategy and its application for detection of platinum ions and cisplatin

Abstract

A novel chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) system was developed and combined with a structureswitching aptamer for the highly sensitive detection of platinum. Platinum was chosen as a model analyte to demonstrate the generality of the new CRET system. This aptameric platform consisted of a streptavidin labeled aptamer against platinum and a streptavidin-coated magnetic bead for the selective separation of platinum-bound aptamer. The platinum-aptamer probe contained several guanine (G) bases bound to the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylglyoxal (TMPG) donor group at the 5′ end, a fluorescent acceptor (6-carboxy-2′,4,7,7′-tetrachlorofluorescein, TET) at the 3′ end, and a streptavidin aptamer sequence in which several base pairs were replaced by the G-G mismatch to induce the platinum-oligonucleotide coordination. The chemiluminescence (CL) generated by TMPG/G bases is transferred to the acceptor (TET). In the presence of platinum, the platinum-aptamer probe was folded such that the G bases at the 5′ end and TET at the 3′ were in close proximity. The complex was separated using streptavidincoated magnetic beads by the addition of TMPG to form the TMPG/G bases complex. The ultraweak CL from the TMPG/G bases was strongly enhanced by TET. This novel CRET-based method can be easily performed with high limit of detection (50 ng•mL −1 ) and selectivity over other metal ions. This technique provides a novel method for simple, fast, and convenient point-of-care diagnostics for monitoring proteins and metal ions.

Nucleic Acid Tests for Clinical Translation

“…In general, aptamers and ribozymes are two types of nucleic acid recognition elements for non-nucleic acid biomarkers. In this section, we mainly introduce nucleic acid recognition elements for the detection of small molecules, ,,− proteins, ,,− cells, and metal ions ,− based on aptamers and ribozymes (Figure ).…”

Novel Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorescent Molecule for Platinum(IV) Ion-Selective Recognition and Imaging of Controlled Release in Cells

“…For example, cisplatin shows potential for anti-cancer activity and has been used as a first-line treatment drug for lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck tumors, gastric cancer, and other tumors. Platinum complexes interact with cellular DNA and form platinum–DNA adducts, which are the basis of the antitumor activity of platinum-based drugs. − Otherwise, the antitumor activity of Pt­(IV) has been widely researched as well. Compared with Pt­(II)-based anticancer drugs, the octahedral geometry of platinum­(IV) complexes with the high kinetic inertness reduces their reactivity and side reactions .…”