A circuit based method for multiarea transmission networks loss allocation

Abstract

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the problem of transmission loss allocation in very large networks with multiple interconnected regions or countries. The main objective is to propose a method in order to identify the amount of losses that each participant in the market causes on all system areas. Transmission pricing of cross-border trades is often difficult since individual countries may use incompatible internal transmission pricing regimes, and they are usually unwilling to disclose any sensitive information about their own systems.This paper presents a new methodology based on the loss formula concept for allocating electric losses to generators and loads, participating in multiple interconnected energy markets. The only data required are the power flows and characteristics of tie-lines and PV Ward equivalent model of area networks from border nodes point of view. No information is required about individual loads, generations, or detailed internal networks. The methodology is illustrated on the IEEE 118 node network which is divided into three areas, each with a different internal transmission pricing methodology. The proposed methodology is shown to be simple, transparent and very fast, and it can deal effectively with multiple pricing regimes.

Loss allocation in distribution network including distributed energy resources (DERs)

“…Another method based on circuit laws and the concept of orthogonal projection for pool‐based electricity market is suggested in Hai‐Xia et al The circuit theory‐based method has been used to develop different methods for LA. A new method for multiarea transmission LA based on circuit theory laws is presented in Kazemi et al In this paper, the new algorithm is provided for allocating the transmission losses in very large networks with multiple interconnected regions or countries. An algorithm for solving generation‐to‐load matching and LA issues in a deregulated power system based on the fundamental circuit theory laws is presented in Alayande et al A new analytical method for LA in hybrid market power systems considering multilateral contracts and load variation is proposed in Elmitwally et al This study is based on circuit laws and the orthogonal projection.…”

Allocation of transmission active losses through a novel power tracing‐based technique

“…Owing to the non-linearity of loss expression, a unique and definite solution for loss allocation problem has not been addressed yet. Nevertheless, great efforts have been made so far to solve it by employing different tools such as pro-rata, circuit theory [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], sensitivity analysis [10][11][12][13][14][15], game theory [16][17][18][19][20], neural networks [15,[17][18][19][20], radial equivalent networks [21,22], power flow tracing [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], linear constrained optimisation modelling [29], and proportional sharing (PS) assumption [30][31][32][33][34][35]…”

An alternative algorithm for solving generation-to-load matching and loss allocation problems

“…This may take longer time in large practical networks. Other approaches to solving these problems have been reviewed in the work of Kazemi et al Ghofrani‐Jahromi et al proposed a circuit‐based approach, which could be applied for loss allocation in real‐time power network. However, this approach is based on the solved power flow, which may experience divergence of solution in most radial power networks.…”