In this paper, a new two-dimensional fractional discrete rational map with γth-Caputo fractional difference operator is introduced. The study of the presence and stability of the equilibrium points shows that there are four types of equilibrium points; no equilibrium point, a line of equilibrium points, one equilibrium point and two equilibrium points. In addition, in the context of the commensurate and incommensurate instances, the nonlinear dynamics of the suggested fractional discrete map in different cases of equilibrium points are investigated through several numerical techniques including Lyapunov exponents, phase attractors and bifurcation diagrams. These dynamic behaviors suggest that the fractional discrete rational map has both hidden and self-excited attractors, which have rarely been described in the literature. Finally, to validate the presence of chaos, a complexity analysis is carried out using approximation entropy (ApEn) and the C0-measure.