A Classification and Quantitative Histological Study of Abnormal Ureters in Children

Emery, John L.; Gill, Gordon W.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1974.tb10163.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Despite some reports to the contrary [Gabella, 1975;Cortivo et al, 19811, the bulk of the available literature indicates that collagen becomes abundant in obstructed viscera, including urinary tract organs [Brent, 1973;Emery and Gill, 1974;Brent and Stephens, 19751 and the pregnant or artificially distended rat uterus [Harkness and Harkness, 1956;deMattos et al, 1967;Cullen and Harkness, 1968;Gunga-Smith and Woessner, 19851. In the present study, collagen deposits were observed not only between individual muscle cells but also, much more abundantly, in the interstitial tissue between muscle fascicles. This, however, should be viewed with caution and must be verified morphometrically in view of the previously reported data on collagen content and concentration of the detrusor in the same rabbit model [Malkowicz et al, 19861.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elastin deposits were constantly observed in the partially obstructed rabbit detrusor in the present study; these deposits were mainly in the form of intercellular microfibrils and interstitial fibers with amorphous cores (that became intensely electron-dense by orcein staining) between muscle fascicles. Elastin has been reported to be increased in the obstructed human bladder [Cortivo et al, 19811, the obstructed human and rabbit ureter [Emery and Gill, 1974;Gee and Kiviat, 19751, and the pregnant uterus [Downie, 1972;Downie et al, 1973;Gunga-Smith and Woessner, 19851. Abatangelo et al, [ 19771, however, reported no change in the elastin content of the dilated human ureter in comparison to control material, as determined biochemically and expressed in terms of dry weight of the organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction on the rabbit detrusor: An ultrastructural study

Elbadawi

Meyer

Malkowicz

et al. 1989

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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It has been shown previously that partial bladder outlet obstruction in the rabbit results in changes in detrusor contractility and biochemical profile [Malkowicz et al., 1986]. The present study was conducted in the same animal model to define the nature and evolution of concomitant structural neuromuscular changes in the detrusor, as the basis for its altered function following partial outlet obstruction. Twenty‐five New Zealand White rabbits, including three normal controls, were used. The bladder was excised in 15 rabbits at various intervals 1–14 days postoperatively. In the remaining seven rabbits, the obstruction was relieved after 7 days, and the bladders were excised 14 or 28 days later. Multiple samples of the midbody detrusor were obtained from each specimen and processed for electron microscopy by standard techniques. Changes were observed in the smooth muscle, interstitial, and neural compartments. The muscular changes included a combination of muscle cell degeneration and regeneration, and widening of intercellular spaces with deposition of basal lamina‐like material. Both degenerative and regenerative muscle cell profiles were uncommon in the control and 1 day obstructed samples, frequent in the 3–7 day obstructed samples, and less frequent in the 14 day obstructed samples. The spaces between individual muscle cells appeared to become increasingly wider in the 3–14 day obstructed samples. The ultrastructure of smooth muscle in samples from both deobstructed groups was similar to controls, except for thickened basal laminae of muscle cells and consistently widened intercellular spaces. The interstitial compartment appeared to become progressively exaggerated with increasing deposits of collagen and elastin in the 3–14 day obstructed samples; these changes persisted in samples from both deobstructed groups. In regard to the neural compartment, degeneration of both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves with loss of neuroeffector junctions was observed in the 3–7 day obstructed samples; axonal regeneration was seen with re‐establishment of the junctions in the 14 day obstructed and both deobstructed groups. It is concluded that partial bladder outlet obstruction in the rabbit results in partially reversible neuromuscular changes in the detrusor, which can explain the resultant alterations in detrusor contractility and biochemical profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction on the rabbit detrusor: An ultrastructural study

Elbadawi

Meyer

Malkowicz

et al. 1989

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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“…

Dilatation of the adult ureter is generally due to an obstruction of its terminal segment or, less frequently, of the lower urinary tract. This dilatation is usually accompanied by tortuosity and thickening of the ureteric wall.It is also generally accepted that the "congenital" megaloureter may be due to a not wellidentified ureteral form of obstruction.In children it has been demonstrated (Emery and Gill, 1974), by histological techniques, that the tortuous and dilated ureters show an increase in connective tissue components and muscle, even though, from these observations it was not possible to estimate the amount of the elastic tissue. Pagano et al (1976), using chemical and histochemical procedures, showed unequivocally that the elastic tissue increases significantly in the dilated ureters in children.In this case the increase of the elastin was interpreted as a reactive response of the ureteric wall to the increased hydrostatic pressure.In the adult ureter it has been shown by Stein and Weinberg (1962) that there is an increase of the muscle and fibrous tissue, while the elastic tissue seems to remain constant.No quantitative estimation, however, has been done in order to establish the exact amount of the elastic tissue and its chemical composition.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In children it has been demonstrated (Emery and Gill, 1974), by histological techniques, that the tortuous and dilated ureters show an increase in connective tissue components and muscle, even though, from these observations it was not possible to estimate the amount of the elastic tissue. Pagano et al (1976), using chemical and histochemical procedures, showed unequivocally that the elastic tissue increases significantly in the dilated ureters in children.…”

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confidence: 96%

The Elastic Tissue of the Adult Dilated Ureter

Abatangelo

Cortivo

Daga-Gordini

et al. 1977

British Journal of Urology

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Adult dilated ureters have been examined in order to calculate the amount of the elastic tissue. From the histological observations and by the chemical analyses performed on the extracted elastin a decrease of the elastic tissue, as compared to the normal adult ureters has been noted. In fact, in the adult normal ureters, the elastin accounts for 9% of the dry matter, while in the abnormal the elastin represents 6.5%.

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“…Previous studies on obstructed bladders [1,3,8,9] and on dilated ureters in children [2,14] have demonstrated that there is a measurable elastin increase during bladder obstruction [1,8,9,11]. It has been proposed that this increase in elastin compensates for the raised intraluminal pressure [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Elastin morphology in normal and obstructed guinea-pig bladders

Karim

Boyd

et al. 1995

World J Urol

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Elastin is the major component of elastic fibers in aortic tissue and has been suggested to be important for the stretch and recoil of the bladder. We have mapped the histologic distribution of elastin throughout the entire guinea-pig bladder as well as changes in the distribution of elastin during bladder-outlet obstruction. We used an animal model in which a jeweler's ring is placed around the urethra of the young guinea pig. As the animal grows, outlet obstruction is gradually induced, and the bladder gradually increases in total weight to as much as 8-fold that of controls. We localized the elastin histologically in normal and obstructed bladders by serially sectioning entire bladders and staining the sections with an elastin-specific stain, Verhoff-van Gieson stain (VVG). Surprisingly, we found that the elastin was predominantly localized only to the trigone of the bladder and that the elastin in this area was increased during obstruction. These results are consistent with the predominantly mesodermal embryologic origin of the trigone, since mesodermal tissues are more often associated with elastin expression.

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A Classification and Quantitative Histological Study of Abnormal Ureters in Children

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction on the rabbit detrusor: An ultrastructural study

Effects of short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction on the rabbit detrusor: An ultrastructural study

The Elastic Tissue of the Adult Dilated Ureter

Elastin morphology in normal and obstructed guinea-pig bladders

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