A cleaner and greener fuel: Biofuel blend formulation and emission assessment

Hashim, Haslenda; Marappa, N.; Yunus, Nor Alafiza; Lim, Jeng Shiun; Muis, Zarina Ab; Ho, Wai Shin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.021

Cited by 46 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Based on the findings from a previous study, n-butyl levulinate (BL) is miscible with diesel when compared to ethyl levulinate with poor solubility thus making the use of ethyl levulinate as a diesel blend component technically challenging (Christensen et al, 2011a). Due to the miscibility factor, BL has been applied as a blend component in fuels containing diesel, gasoline, and biodiesel-diesel-butanol-ethanol (Christensen et al, 2011a;2011b;Hashim et al, 2017). In contrast to the alkyl levulinate with shorter carbon chain lengths such as methyl and ethyl levulinate, n-butyl levulinate is expected to have better fuel properties such as higher calorific value and improved lowtemperature performance; cloud and pour point.…”

Section: P R E S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effects of Blending N-Butyl Levulinate With Palm Methyl Ester on the Fuel Properties

RAMLI¹

2022

JOPR

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Alkyl levulinate can be synthesized from renewable levulinic acid and has the potential to be used as a fuel blend component. A variety of compounds can be blended with biodiesel to improve or attain the desired fuel properties. In this study, the effects of blending n-butyl levulinate (BL) with palm methyl ester (PME) on fuel properties were evaluated. Blends of BL and PME (BL-PMEs) were prepared with 5%, 10% and 15% of BL.The addition of BL has improved the cloud and pour points by 7°C for 15BL-PME. As compared to ASTM D6751 and EN14214 specifications for biodiesel, BL-PMEs revealed properties within the specifications in terms of acid value, flash point, kinematic viscosity (40°C), and oxidative stability. The addition of BL up to 15% increased the acid value and decreased the flash point and kinematic viscosity. The oxidative stability increased slightly upon the addition of BL. The calorific value of BL-PMEs decreased with an increase in BL volume. Up to 10% BL, the calorific value is >35 MJ kg -1 . Besides, BL is highly miscible with PME and no phase separation was observed. The present work suggested that BL has potential as a bio-based fuel blend compound for biodiesel.

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Section: P R E S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effects of Blending N-Butyl Levulinate With Palm Methyl Ester on the Fuel Properties

RAMLI¹

2022

JOPR

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“…Any of possible outcomes and further optimization of crucial parameters for the bioprocess will be identified by the analysis of the model, which also helps reduce numbers of experiments and process alternatives, which are time and resource consuming. 112,113 An example of economic model analysis using BioSolve software was demonstrated for the production of royalacin, a protein found in royal jelly; 113 uricase -an enzyme responsible for breakdown of uric acid into allantoin; 114 and β-phycoerythrin -a color protein used as a food coloring agent. 115 The economics model analysis using experimental data, together with bioprocess simulation, will aid implementation of the bioprocess for fatty alcohol production or other bio-products at an industrial scale.…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty alcohol production: an opportunity of bioprocess

Munkajohnpong

Kesornpun

Buttranon

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Fatty alcohols are widely used for various applications and are found in products ranging from detergents to cosmetics and cleaning agents. Currently, over 3 million tonnes of fatty alcohols are produced per year from bio‐based and petroleum‐based feedstocks through chemical conversion and synthetic processes. However, the environmental impact of current fatty alcohol production processes has become a major concern, and several bioprocesses have emerged as alternative methods for synthesis. These biological processes are environmentally friendly due to their metal‐free nature, low consumption of energy, and mild reaction conditions. This review overviews the current status of fatty alcohol production – both chemical and biological approaches. Our focus is on biological synthesis approaches using biocatalysis and metabolic engineering due to their proven efficacy. Potential downstream processing for these bioprocesses is also presented. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Design methodologies can avoid expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error experimental campaigns. Similar approaches have been successfully used in several fuel development projects [4,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], typically to design tailor-made molecules for fuel application. That is, molecular building blocks were computationally joined and reassembled to generate new molecules with good fuel blendstock potential.…”

Section: Considerations For Use Of the Database And The Product Desigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines

2020

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Alcohols are attractive fuel blendstocks for spark ignition engines due to their high octane values and potentially positive influence on performance and emission. Although methanol, ethanol, and butanol have been widely studied, other biomass-derived alcohols may have similar or better properties. However, it is not feasible to experimentally investigate the fuel potential of every molecule. The goals of this study were to develop a methodology for rapid screening of a fuel property database for mono-alcohols and to identify alcohols with the potential of blending to produce advantaged motor gasolines. A database was developed with 13 fuel properties of all saturated C1-C10 mono-alcohols. A decision framework was used to evaluate alcohols suitable for blending in gasoline for spark ignition engines in two scenarios: low-range (up to 15 vol%) blends and high-range (greater than 40 vol%) blends. The low-range blend cases resulted in the identification of 48 alcohols. In the case of high-range blending, only six alcohols were found to be suitable. This is the first study to systematically evaluate all C1-C10 saturated alcohols for blending with gasoline using relevant fuel properties. A novel aspect of this study is the evaluation of the influence of errors in predicted property values. These scenario screenings focus attention on a smaller number of promising candidate molecules, and the approach could be modified for other classes of fuel molecules, engine types, and fuel blending goals.

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A cleaner and greener fuel: Biofuel blend formulation and emission assessment

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Study on the Effects of Blending N-Butyl Levulinate With Palm Methyl Ester on the Fuel Properties

Study on the Effects of Blending N-Butyl Levulinate With Palm Methyl Ester on the Fuel Properties

Fatty alcohol production: an opportunity of bioprocess

Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines

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