A clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains

Tannock, Gregory A.; Wark, Margaret C.; Smith, Linda E.; Sutherland, Megan M

doi:10.1007/bf01315003

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…2). Clearly some amplification of the antigenic stimulus in the respiratory tract is required and similar results have again been noted in a mouse model for influenza viruses [11]. Figures 4-7 show the cross-protective responses of four Australian vaccine strains, which are representatives of serotypes B and C. These results indicate that greater protective responses were obtained against heterologous strains of the B serotype by vaccination with the Websters A3 vaccine (a C serotype) than from the B serotype vaccines, Steggles-1 or Websters Vic S and that only the Vic S vaccine provided significant protection against the virulent N1/62 (T) strain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…1). These findings suggest that respiratory immunity in the chicken is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon but, as noted in the mouse influenza model [11], may be built up incrementally with increasing doses of virus. The index of immunogenicity (the PDs0) for particular Australian strains appears to be characteristic, with differences of > 1,000-fold existing between strains ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A similar model has been described for naturally occurring influenza A viruses in mice [11]. The model was not influenced by variability that is often a feature of end-points determined according to the occurrence of clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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A model for determining immunogenic relationships between avian infectious bronchitis viruses

Arvidson

Tannock

Senthilselvan

et al. 1990

Archives of Virology

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A model for determining immunogenic relationships between strains of infectious bronchitis virus is described that is based upon the vaccinating dose required to induce prevention of multiplication of a standard challenge dose of an homologous strain in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The model has been used to demonstrate that: (1) Approximately 100 times the vaccinating dose must be used to produce immunity from one compared with two doses; (2) differences of immunogenicity of greater than 1,000-fold exist between Australian strains; (3) immunogenicity is greatest for live virus administered directly to the trachea, followed by live virus administered by the ocular route, inactivated virus administered intratracheally and inactivated virus administered intramuscularly; (4) for chickens inoculated with Australian vaccine strains, protection against challenge is unrelated to serotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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A model for determining immunogenic relationships between avian infectious bronchitis viruses

Arvidson

Tannock

Senthilselvan

et al. 1990

Archives of Virology

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“…We recently described a sensitive clearance test for determining the immunogenicity of influenza viruses (18). The test is based on the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (A/AA/6/60-ca), recombinants of A/AA/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens

Tannock¹,

Paul²,

Barry³

1984

Infect Immun

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The immunogenicity of several cold-adapted (ca) viruses was compared in CSL mice with that of wild-type parental viruses with similar surface antigens, according to the vaccinating dose required to clear a challenge consisting of 10(4.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the wild-type virus. All ca viruses were less immunogenic than their wild-type parental strains by a factor of 10(1.3) to 10(3.4), probably due to the restricted capacity of ca viruses to replicate in the respiratory tracts of mice. However, their immunogenicity was considerably enhanced when two quite small doses were administered 3 weeks apart. The immunogenicity of ca viruses when administered in two doses and wild-type viruses when administered as a single dose varied according to their surface antigens. It was highest for viruses with the H2N2 A/Ann Arbor/6/60 and H3N2 A/Queensland/6/72 surface antigens and lowest for those with H1N1 A/HK/123/77 surface antigens. When two doses consisting of 10(5.0) 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/Ann Arbor/6/60-ca were administered at an interval of 3 weeks, solid immunity was induced against the wild-type A/Ann Arbor/6/60 parental virus, two heterologous H3N2 strains, and an H1N1 strain.

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“…In mice, Tannock et al (16,17), using both viruses cloned in cell cultures at 39 ° as well as several cold-adapted (ca) viruses, demonstrated by a sensitive clearance test that H3N2 strains are better immunogens than H~N1 strains. In mice, Tannock et al (16,17), using both viruses cloned in cell cultures at 39 ° as well as several cold-adapted (ca) viruses, demonstrated by a sensitive clearance test that H3N2 strains are better immunogens than H~N1 strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative antigenicity in mice of H1N1, H3N2 and B strains present in inactivated influenza virus vaccines

Profeta

Ruggeri

1987

Eur J Epidemiol

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The results of a study on serum HAI and neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by whole influenza virus vaccines containing A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1), A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) and B/Singapore/222/79 viruses are reported. According to the GMT of HAI, the antigenic potency of the three vaccine strains appear to be different. The A/Brazil/11/78 antigen induced the lowest HAI antibody responses and the A/Bangkok/1/79 antigen the greatest. This behaviour, with a few exceptions, was noted regardless of the HA amount (0.08 microgram 0.4 microgram, 2 micrograms) of each strain present in the vaccine, the number of doses (one or two), or the kind of preparation (monovalent or trivalent). The data obtained with the neutralization test with vaccines with medium HA content are concordant with previous findings. On the basis of the ratios of the GMT of the neutralizing antibodies to the GMT of the HAI antibodies, it was concluded that the HAI antibodies to A/Bangkok/1/79 antigen possess, on the whole, a neutralizing activity that is higher than that found for the HAI antibodies to A/Brazil/11/78 and B/Singapore/222/79 strains. For the latter strains, the neutralizing activity increased after the second dose. The observation of the different degrees of antigenicity of the three vaccine strains suggests that, with currently used inactivated influenza virus vaccines containing equivalent amounts of all three antigens, the dosage should be taken into consideration when the vaccines are used for subjects lacking in previous exposure to vaccine strains.

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A clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

A model for determining immunogenic relationships between avian infectious bronchitis viruses

A model for determining immunogenic relationships between avian infectious bronchitis viruses

Relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (A/AA/6/60-ca), recombinants of A/AA/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens

Relative antigenicity in mice of H1N1, H3N2 and B strains present in inactivated influenza virus vaccines

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